Covalent Bonds Covalent chemical bonds involve the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms in contrast to the transfer of electrons in ionic bonds Such bonds lead to stable molecules if they share electrons in such a way as to create a noble gas configuration for each atom Hydrogen gas forms the simplest covalent bond in the
COORDINATE COVALENT BONDS This bond is formed when an atom contributes BOTH BONDING E- It’s indicated by an arrow pointing to the atom which has nothing to contribute -Occurs in almost all polyatomic ions ex NH4 +1 H+1 + POLARITY NON POLAR COVALENT BOND - Diatomic elements will form a bond where e- are shared equally ex F 2
The basic principle of VB theory: A covalent bond forms when the orbitals of two atoms overlapand a pair of electrons occupy the overlap region The space formed by the overlapping orbitals can accommodate a maximum of two electronsand these electrons must have opposite (paired) spins The greater the orbital overlap the stronger the bond
1 Theories of Covalent Bonding – Explain the observed shapes polarities magnetic and spectroscopic properties of molecules by using quantum mechanics – atomic and molecular orbitals – The application of quantum mechanics to chemical bonding has led to two bonding theories 11 1 Valence Bond (VB) Theory
1)Ionic bonds–transferof electrons (gained or lost; makes formula unit) 2)Covalent bonds–sharingof electrons The resulting particle is called a “molecule” Covalent Bonds •The word covalentis a combination of the prefix co-(from Latin com meaning “with” or “together”) and the verb valere meaning “to be strong”
Covalent Bonds www csus edu/indiv/t/toofanj/jthome/students/chem-110/che110-ch11 pdf Covalent chemical bonds involve the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms Hydrogen gas forms the simplest covalent bond in the
Explain the ionic bonds covalent bonds and metallic bonds and ethz ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest/mavt/robotics-n-intelligent-systems/multiscaleroboticlab-dam/documents/microrobotics/HS2015/6_Materials_Fabrication_1_Solution pdf bonds ▫ Covalent bonds ▫ The outer electron levels of atoms which are close to each Two pairs of electrons shared => double covalent bond and so on
unit: i inorganic chemistry covalent bond www sjctni edu/Department/ch/eLecture/Botany pdf COVALENT BOND • A covalent bond is a chemical bond which is formed when two atoms mutually share a pair of electron By doing so the atoms attain stable
4 3 Covalent Bonds Vocabulary www pleasantvalleysd org/cms/lib/CA00000039/Centricity/Domain/5846/Lesson 204 3 pdf Molecular compound – Nonpolar bond – Polar bond - How are atoms held together in a Covalent Bond? The chemical bond formed when 2 atoms share electrons
Covalent compounds and separation techniques www christs-hospital lincs sch uk/images/PDFS/Chemistry/C2_Topic_3-Covalent_compounds_and_separation_techniques_PP pdf Covalent bonding: between non-metal atoms only of electrons which form covalent bonds Each atom contributes one electron to the covalent bond
2 COVALENT BONDING OCTET RULE POLARITY AND BASIC personal utdallas edu/~scortes/ochem/OChem1_Lecture/Class_Materials/03_coval_bonding pdf Two hydrogen atoms form a covalent bond to make a hydrogen molecule Each contributes one electron and forms a system that is much more stable than the isolated
Chapter 9: Covalent Bonding www fusd net/cms/lib/CA50000190/Centricity/Domain/3129/chap09 pdf In a covalent bond the shared electrons are considered to be part of the complete outer energy level of both atoms involved Covalent bonding generally occurs
3 4 Covalent Bonds and Lewis Structures www columbia edu/itc/chemistry/chem-c1403/lectures/Fall2005/Lecture5A_Ch3_Carey_092205 pdf An electron pair that is shared between two atoms constitutes a covalent bond The Lewis Model of Chemical Bonding Page 3 Covalent Bonding in
Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding www lamar edu/arts-sciences/_files/documents/chemistry-biochemistry/dorris/chapter8 pdf The POLAR COVALENT bond is In-between • the IONIC BOND [ transfer of electrons ] and • the COVALENT BOND [ shared electrons]