We have still referred to Arduinos as microcontrollers throughout this article. Arduino's entry-level category contains the microcontroller boards that most DIYers choose to use for their projects, as they offer straightforward features and come with heaps of documentation.
The Micro is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega32U4 ( datasheet ), developed in conjunction with Adafruit. It has 20 digital input/output pins (of which 7 can be used as PWM outputs and 12 as analog inputs), a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a micro USB connection, an ICSP header, and a reset button.
The UNO is the most used and documented board of the whole Arduino family. Arduino UNO is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P. It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset button.
The Arduino Mega 2560 is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega2560. It has 54 digital input/output pins (of which 15 can be used as PWM outputs), 16 analog inputs, 4 UARTs (hardware serial ports), a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button.