The ATMega328 is an 8-bit microcontroller of the AVR family which can be programmed in C/C++ language. The main interest of the ARDUINO cards (other models exist : Mega, Nano...) is their ease of implementation. A development environment (IDE), based on open-source tools, is provided.
The microcontroller of the Arduino UNO card is an ATMega328. It is an ATMEL microcontroller of the AVR 8bits family. The main features are : Multi-function pins: all pins have several different functions, chosen by programming. They therefore have several names on the pinout.
The ATmega328P also features 1kb of EEPROM, a memory which is not erased when powered off. The Arduino UNO features a barrel plug connector, that works great with a standard 9V battery. All you need to know to get started with your new Arduino board. This library allows you to communicate with I2C / TWI devices.
The Uno differed from all preceding boards by featuring the ATmega328P microcontroller and an ATmega16U2 (Atmega8U2 up to version R2) programmed as a USB-to-serial converter. In June 2023, Arduino released two new flavors of the Uno; R4 Minima and R4 Wifi.