The fate of the universe is determined by a struggle between the momentum of expansion and the pull of gravity. The rate of expansion is expressed by the Hubble Constant, H o, while the strength of gravity depends on the density and pressure of the matter in the universe.
The shape of the universe is the local and global geometry of the universe. The local features of the geometry of the universe are primarily described by its curvature, whereas the topology of the universe describes general global properties of its shape as of a continuous object.
A 2% limit translates to a factor of 50 (it takes 50 2%’s to make 100%), so we could say that if the universe is finite, it must be at least 50 times bigger than our 13.7 billion light year horizon. 5.5 What is the ultimate fate of the universe?
The rate of expansion is expressed by the Hubble Constant, H o, while the strength of gravity depends on the density and pressure of the matter in the universe. If the pressure of the matter is low, as is the case with most forms of matter of which we know, then the fate of the universe is governed by the density.