What are social determinants of Health?
Social determinants of health (SDOH) are the conditions in the environments where people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect a wide range of health, functioning, and quality-of-life outcomes and risks. Healthy People 2030, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion.
Why is Healthy People 2030 focusing on social determinants?
When it comes to health, it matters where people live, learn, work, play, and age. That’s why Healthy People 2030 has an increased focus on how social, economic, and environmental factors can impact people’s health. Learn more about the social determinant
What are non-medical factors affecting health outcomes?
Definitions such as the widely-cited WHO version, “…the non-medical factors that influence health outcomes. …the conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live, and age, and the wider set of forces and systems shaping the conditions of daily life,” (italics added) do not tell us what is and what is not a SDOH.
Do social determinants of Health exist in a vacuum?
Social determinants of health do not exist in a vacuum. Their quality and availability to the population are usually a result of public policy decisions made by governing authorities.
Overview
Social determinants of health are an individual’s personal circumstances that impact their health and well-being. For example, they include political, socioeconomic, and cultural factors. Other examples of social determinants of health include how easily someone can access healthcare, education, a safe place to live, and nutritious food. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines social determinants of health as “the conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live, and age, and the wider set of forces and systems shaping the conditions of daily life.” Social determinants of health are an extensive range of factors that exist throughout all aspects of society. However, they are separate from medical care or a person’s individual lifestyle choices. A study cited by the National Academy of Medicine found that medical care itself only accounted for 10–20% of the contributors to people’s health outcomes. By contrast, the many social determinants of health play a much bigger role in influencing a person’s health, making up 80–90% of the contributing factors. See full list on medicalnewstoday.com
Access to quality healthcare
Around 1 in 10 people in the United States are living without health insurance. This means they may not have a primary healthcare professional. They may also not have the money to make vital purchases for their health, such as medications or tests. Additionally, people may live too far away from a healthcare clinic to get the quality of care they deserve. See full list on medicalnewstoday.com
Economic stability
Economic stability is vital to affording lifestyle choices and paying for quality medical care that keeps people healthy. A well-paying, steady job is critical for food security and housing stability. Savings are essential for managing chronic conditions or emergencies. However, 1 in 10 people in the U.S. live in poverty. Those in steady work may not earn enough to gain access to good quality healthcare. Moreover, chronic conditions or disabilities may put people at an even greater disadvantage. See full list on medicalnewstoday.com
Access to quality education
Data from the U.S. and Europe show a strong association between health indicators and an individual’s income and education level. Whether a child or adolescent can access quality education throughout their development can determine their future living conditions. Early childhood education is essential for social and mental development, and good quality high school education can open new doors to further education and employment opportunities. Children that come from low income households, have disabilities, or experience social discrimination at an early age may be less likely to do well in school. They also face barriers to higher levels of education. As a result, people from low income households often struggle to get safe, well-paying jobs. It also means they are more likely to experience health conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, or depression. The stress of having economic difficulties can also adversely impact a person’s health and well-being. For example, living in poverty can negatively affect a child’s brain development. See full list on medicalnewstoday.com
Community environment
Interactions between individuals and their family members and co-workers can affect their health. For example, workplace conditions and discrimination can have an impact on peoples’ moods and self-esteem. Moreover, high incarceration rates, absent parents, and bullying can all affect a child’s development and feelings of loneliness. This negative effect on a child’s health can continue into their adulthood. Learn about the effects of racism on mental health here. See full list on medicalnewstoday.com
Neighborhood
A person’s neighborhood and living conditions can directly impact their health and safety. Many individuals worldwide live in areas with: •elevated rates of violent crime •high levels of environmental pollutants •unsafe air and drinking water Marginalized racial and ethnic groups, as well as people from low income households, are more likely to live in places that carry these risks. See full list on medicalnewstoday.com
COVID-19
The effects of the social determinants of health are more pronounced during crises, as seen in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. A 2021 study found that racial background and socioeconomic status affected COVID-19 incidence and mortality. Marginalized groups are more likely to experience discrimination, crowded living conditions, reliance on public transport, and financial insecurity. See full list on medicalnewstoday.com
Summary
The conditions into which people are born and in which they live their lives have a profound effect on their health. Where a person is born, lives, goes to school, and works is what experts refer to as social determinants of health. These factors influence the opportunities a person has to eat a nutritious diet, have a good education, live and work in a toxin-free environment, access healthcare, and more. See full list on medicalnewstoday.com
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