Pharmacodynamics ( PD) is the study of the biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs (especially pharmaceutical drugs ). The effects can include those manifested within animals (including humans), microorganisms, or combinations of organisms (for example, infection ).
The pharmacologic response depends on the drug binding to its target. The concentration of the drug at the receptor site influences the drug’s effect. A drug’s pharmacodynamics can be affected by physiologic changes due to
Population pharmacodynamics refers to the study of the variability in pharmacological effects of drugs between individuals when standard dosage regimens of drugs are administered . Like in the case of pharmacokinetics, many variables in patients can influence pharmacodynamics ( Table 33.2 ).
Pharmacodynamics is sometimes abbreviated as PD and pharmacokinetics as PK, especially in combined reference (for example, when speaking of PK/PD models ). Pharmacodynamics places particular emphasis on dose–response relationships, that is, the relationships between drug concentration and effect.