The Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2003 was passed by the Parliament of India in December 2003, and received presidential assent in January 2004.
It is labelled "Act 6 of 2004".
The Act amended The Citizenship Act, 1955 by: introducing and defining a notion of "illegal migrant", who could be jailed or deported.
Under the Act all Australian-born people are citizens of Australia; previously, Australians had been British subjects.
Arthur Calwell became Australia's first Minister for Immigration in 1945 and was instrumental in expanding immigration to include people from Eastern and Southern Europe.
The Canadian Citizenship Act of 1947 created the category of Canadian citizenship and allowed residents of Canada to obtain citizenship regardless of their country of origin.
Prior to 1947, individuals born in Canada and naturalized immigrants were classified as British subjects rather than Canadian citizens.