Polished ends of the active layer act as a resonance cavity within the laser diode.
Light is therefore amplified by the process of stimulated emission, and the diode outputs a coherent beam.
This process is very similar as with the the light-emitting diode (LED).
LEDs, however, are not coherent.28 jan. 2018
Laser diodes are used in many significant therapeutic applications.
Among the most important are the treatment of cancer by Photo Dynamic Therapy, the treatment of macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy by Photocoagulation and the prevention of secondary dental infection by Photodynamic Disinfection.
The maximum coherence length (=2.5mm) occurs with high drive current (=60mA), which shrinks the diode's spectral content to a few longitudinal modes.
Note that the power output of the diode varies by about four orders of magnitude as the drive current is changed by a factor of two.