Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) is one of the many acoustic transducers. It is the most popular and widely used acoustic transducer for sensor applications. It has found wide applications in chemical and biosensing fields owing to its high sensitivity, robustness, small sized-design, and ease of integration with electronic measurement systems.
It is based on the change in resonant frequency of a quartz crystal sensor when it is covered with a thin film or liquid. In QCM-I, the impedance of the quartz crystal sensor is measured using a network analyzer to accurately determine the frequency and bandwidth of the crystal resonance.
Depending on the fundamental frequency of the sensor used, QCM-D measurements can be as sensitive to as low as 4.4 ng/ (cm 2 ∙Hz). The higher the fundamental frequency, the better the sensitivity of the sensor.
In closing, QCM-D offers unprecedented access to physical changes in polymer films that allows for a deeper understanding of film growth, film responses, mixed ion transport, solvent-polymer interactions, gas-polymer interactions, and molecular conformation.