The combination of the QCM with other surface-analytical techniques like electrochemical cyclovoltammetry,14,15,16 optical reflectometry,17 atomic force microscopy,18,19 or the colloidal probe20,21 has been pursued for the same reason. Particularly advanced is the electrochemical QCM (EQCM).
A QCM is a disk of crystalline quartz. The disk displays acoustic resonances like any other three- dimensional body. As a resonator, it distinguishes itself from other resonators by a number of features: Since crystalline quartz is weakly piezoelectric, the acoustic resonances can be probed by electrical means.
The strength of the QCM is in its tremendous accuracy with regard to frequency measurements. Unfortunately, this extreme accuracy is limited to the frequency of the peak conductance; it does not extend to the conductance (or, more generally, the complex admittance) itself.
Unfortunately, the QCM does not work well with semi- infinite media when the viscosity, η, is larger than about 50 cP. The acoustic load in this case is too large. Most polymers exceed this limit.