The Cas1-Cas2 complex represents the highly conserved “information processing” module of CRISPR-Cas that appears to be quasi-autonomous from the rest of the system (see below).
Cas10 is the large subunit of effector complexes of type III systems. Each type III locus also encodes other subunits of effector complexes such as one gene for the small subunit, one gene for a Cas5 group RAMP protein, and usually several genes for RAMP proteins of the Cas7 group ( Fig. 1 and see Subheading 2.6.2).
Cas1 is the most conserved Cas protein and its phylogeny generally correlates with the organization of CRISPR-Cas system loci; accordingly, until recently, Cas1 has been considered the signature for the presence of CRISPR-Cas systems in a genome [ 5 – 7 ].
The Cas7 group proteins are encoded by a single gene in the respective type I system loci and by several separate genes in type III systems ( Fig. 1 ). Functionally, Cas7 is involved in crRNA binding, and Cas5 in binding the 5′-handle of crRNA and interaction with the large subunit and the proximal Cas7 protein.