A financial instrument is effectively a monetary contract (real or virtual) that confers a right or claim against some counterparty in the form of a payment (checks, bearer instruments), equity ownership or dividends (stocks), debt (bonds, loans, deposit accounts), currency (forex), or derivatives (futures, forwards,
Basic examples of financial instruments are cheques, bonds, securities.
There are typically three types of financial instruments: cash instruments, derivative instruments, and foreign exchange instruments.