Pressure independent valves are used to regulate flow through air handlers, heating and cooling coils, fan coil units, unit ventilators and VAV re-heat coils.
PICV is an automatic flow regulating valve packaged in one valve body.
A ball valve with a characterized insert performs as a pressure control cartridge provides automatic flow regulation to maintain a constant flow of chilled water regardless of system pressure changes.
Different types of pressure control valves include relief, reducing, sequence, counterbalance, safety, and unloading.
All of them are typically closed valves, except for reducing valves, which are usually open.
For most of these valves, a restriction is necessary to produce the required pressure control.