As Dante explains in book I of the Monarchia, it is necessary that human society and all earthly things be governed by the authority of a single Emperor.
All other political authority should be seen as deriving from that of the Emperor, who in turn derives his political authority from God.
Dante took politics very seriously, and his incorporation of so much political material into his journey through Hell serves the double purpose of situating his own political ideals in a larger moral scheme and warning his readers about the dangers of his enemies' political ideals.
Final answer:
Dante's political life is mentioned in the Inferno through details such as his exile from Florence, his criticism of Pope Boniface VIII, and his support for the Holy Roman Empire.