The Standard Model of Particle Physics is scientists' current best theory to describe the most basic building blocks of the universe.
It explains how particles called quarks (which make up protons and neutrons) and leptons (which include electrons) make up all known matter.
There are four fundamental forces at work in the universe: the strong force, the weak force, the electromagnetic force, and the gravitational force.
They work over different ranges and have different strengths.
Gravity is the weakest but it has an infinite range.
The Standard Model includes 3 gauge bosons of spin 1, with bosons being quantum particles containing an integer spin.
The gauge bosons are defined as force carriers and consist of the photon, W and Z bosons, gluon, mediating the electromagnetic, weak, and strong fundamental interactions.