The amplitude of the baseband signal is transferred to the high-frequency carrier.
Such a higher frequency carrier is able to travel much farther than the baseband signal.
Therefore, modulation can be defined as the process of superimposing a low-frequency signal on a high-frequency carrier signal.
Modulation techniques are roughly divided into four types: Analog modulation, Digital modulation, Pulse modulation , and Spread spectrum method.
Analog modulation is typically used for AM, FM radio, and short-wave broadcasting.
Digital modulation involves transmission of binary signals (0 and 1).
Fundamental digital modulation methods
The most fundamental digital modulation techniques are based on keying: PSK (phase-shift keying): a finite number of phases are used.
FSK (frequency-shift keying): a finite number of frequencies are used.
ASK (amplitude-shift keying): a finite number of amplitudes are used.