Well-known techniques are the EEG (Electroencephalography) which records the brain's electrical activity and the fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) method which tells us more about brain functions.
The techniques are divided into three sections: (1) imaging techniques (including fluorescence, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and mass spectrometry (MS)), (2) sampling and separations techniques (including microdialysis, push-pull perfusion, high performance liquid
Developmental neuroscience describes how the brain forms, grows, and changes.
Cognitive neuroscience is about how the brain creates and controls thought, language, problem-solving, and memory.
Molecular and cellular neuroscience explores the genes, proteins, and other molecules that guide how neurons function.