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Business ecosystems come of age

What are the 4 stages of the business ecosystem?
Every business ecosystem develops in four distinct stages: birth, expansion, leadership, and self-renewal—or, if not self-renewal, death.
In reality, of course, the evolutionary stages blur, and the managerial challenges of one stage often crop up in another.
What is the business ecosystem theory?
"A business ecosystem is a purposeful business arrangement between two or more entities (the members) to create and share in collective value for a common set of customers.
Every business ecosystem has participants, and at least one member acts as the orchestrator of the participants.
What is the life cycle of a business ecosystem?
Ecosystem life cycle
Moore (1993) suggests that innovation ecosystems progress through four life cycle phases: birth, expansion, leadership, and self-renewal (or death).
A business ecosystem is the network of organizations—including suppliers, distributors, customers, competitors, government agencies, and so on—involved in the delivery of a specific product or service through both competition and cooperation.

What are the 4 stages of the business ecosystem?