A phoneme is a set of allophones or individual non-contrastive speech segments.
Allophones are sounds, whilst a phoneme is a set of such sounds.
Allophones are usually relatively similar sounds which are in mutually exclusive or complementary distribution (C.D.).12 mar. 2020
In English the t sounds in the words “hit,” “tip,” and “little” are allophones; phonemically they are considered to be the same sound although they are different phonetically in terms of aspiration, voicing, and point of articulation.
In Japanese and some dialects of Chinese, the sounds f and h are allophones.
What is the difference between a phoneme and an allophone? Substituting one phoneme for another changes both pronunciation and meaning.
Substituting one allophone for another only changes pronunciation.