1 1 Organic Molecules All organic molecules contain carbon (C), virtually all of them contain hydrogen (H), and most contain oxygen (O) and/or nitrogen (N) atoms Many organic molecules also have halogen atoms such as fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), or iodine (I) Other atoms in organic compounds include sulfur (S),
Organic Chemistry The chemistry of the living world Organic Molecule –a molecule containing carbon and hydrogen Carbon has 4 electrons in its outer shell and can share electrons with atoms of up to 4 different elements, leading to a variety of carbon compounds Most often shares with C, H, N, O, P, and S
2 There are more organic molecules than molecules that are not a Reflecting this importance, al molecules are classified as either organic or inorganic i 250,000 inorganic molecules ii 6,000,000 organic molecules C Carbon has the unique ability of form stable covalent bonds with other carbon atoms and with atoms of many other elements 1
Organic and Biological Molecules Chapter 22 2 • When there are more than one type of branch (ethyl and methyl, for example), they are named alphabetically
ORGANIC MOLECULES There are four classes of organic molecules: 1-Carbohydrates 2-Lipids 3-Proteins 4-Nucleic Acids CARBOHYDRATES are basically hydrated carbon They are molecules composed of carbon, oxygen & hydrogen with the hydrogen and oxygen in 2:1 ratio (most have this ratio) The monomers of carbohydrates are MONOSACCHARIDES
3 1 Organic Molecules A Definitions 1 Organic molecules have carbon bonded to other atoms and determine structure and function of living things 2 Inorganic molecules do not contain carbon and hydrogen together; inorganic molecules such as salt ions can play important roles in living things B The Carbon Atom 1
Now to the nomenclature for carbon (organic) molecules The prefix of a carbon molecule depends on how many carbons are in the molecule Prefixes: 1 carbon