L3 – 22 – Factor Theorem Lesson MHF4U - jensenmath




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L3 – 22 – Factor Theorem Lesson MHF4U - jensenmath

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L3 – 22 – Factor Theorem Lesson MHF4U - jensenmath 99584_622_ls_factor_theorem.pdf

L3 - 2.2 - Factor Theorem Lesson

MHF4U

Jensen

In this section, you will learn how to determine the factors of a polynomial function of degree 3 or

greater.

Part 1: Remainder Theorem Refresher

a) Use the remainder theorem to determine the remainder when ( ) = ! +4 " +-6 is divided by +2

b) Verify your answer to part a) by completing the division using long division or synthetic division.

Factor Theorem:

- is a factor of a polynomial () if and only if ( ) =0. Similarly, - is a factor of () if and only if # $ 0=0.

Remainder Theorem: When a polynomial function

() is divided by -, the remainder is (); and when it is divided by -, the remainder is ! " ) , where and are integers, and ≠0.

Note: I chose synthetic since it is

a linear divisor of the form -. Example 1: Determine if -3 and +2 are factors of ( ) = ! - " -14+24 ( 3 ) =

Since the remainder is ___, -3 divides evenly into (); that means -3 _______________________ of ().

( -2 ) =

Since the remainder is not ____, +2 does not divide evenly into (); that means +2

____________________________ of (). Part 2: How to determine a factor of a Polynomial With Leading Coefficient 1 You could guess and check values of that make ( ) =0 until you find one that works... Or you can use the Integral Zero Theorem to help.

Integral Zero Theorem

If - is a factor of a polynomial function () with leading coefficient 1 and remaining coefficients that

are integers, then is a factor of the constant term of ().

Note: Once one of the factors of a polynomial is found, division is used to determine the other factors.

Example 2: Factor

! +2 " -5-6 fully.

Let

( ) = ! +2 " -5-6

Find a value of such that

( ) =0. Based on the factor theorem, if ( ) =0, then we know that - is a factor. We can then divide () by that factor. The integral zero theorem tells us to test factors of _____

Test ________________________________. Once one factor is found, you can stop testing and use that factor to

divide (). ( 1 ) = Since ________________, we know that ________________________ a factor of (). ( 2 ) = Since ________________, we know that ____________________ a factor of (). You can now use either long division or synthetic division to find the other factors Method 1: Long division Method 2: Synthetic Division

Example 3: Factor

% +3 ! -7 " -27-18 completely.

Let

( ) = % +3 ! -7 " -27-18

Find a value of such that

( ) =0. Based on the factor theorem, if ( ) =0, then we know that - is a factor. We can then divide () by that factor. The integral zero theorem tells us to test factors of ________

Test ________________________________________________. Once one factor is found, you can stop testing and use that

factor to divide ().

Since ________________, this tell us that ____________ is a factor. Use division to determine the other factor.

We can now further divide

! +2 " -9-18 using division again or by factoring by grouping.

Method 1: Division

Method 2: Factoring by Grouping

Therefore,

% +3 ! -7 " -27-18=

Example 4: Try Factoring by Grouping Again

% -6 ! +2 " -12

Note: Factoring by grouping

does not always work...but when it does, it saves you time! Group the first 2 terms and the last 2 terms and separate with an addition sign.

Common factor within each group

Factor out the common binomial

Part 3: How to determine a factor of a Polynomial With Leading Coefficient NOT 1

The integral zero theorem can be extended to include polynomials with leading coefficients that are not 1.

This extension is known as the rational zero theorem.

Rational Zero Theorem:

Suppose

( ) is a polynomial function with integer coefficients and = # $ is a zero of () , where and are integers and ≠0. Then, • is a factor of the constant term of () • is a factor of the leading coefficient of () • (-) is a factor of ()

Example 5: Factor

( ) =3 ! +2 " -7+2

We must start by finding a value of

# $ where # $ 0=0. must be a factor of the constant term. Possible values for are: ____________ must be a factor of the leading coefficient. Possible values of are: ____________

Therefore, possible values for

# $ are: ________________________________

Test values of

# $ for in () to find a zero.

Since ________________________________________________ of (). Use division to find the other factors.

Example 6: Factor

( ) =2 ! + " -7-6

Part 4: Application Question

Example 7: When

( ) =2 ! - " +-2 is divided by +1, the remainder is -12 and -2 is a factor. Determine the values of and .

Hint: Use the information given to create 2 equations and then use substitution or elimination to solve.


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