[PDF] the variables declared in a class for the use of all methods of the class are called.



In this Chapter youll learn:

f) Variables declared in the body of a particular method are known as instance variables and can be used in all methods of the class. ANS: False. Such variables 



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The purpose of the Java compiler is to translate source code into instructions A method is a named block of code declared within a class body.



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Introduction to Classes Objects Methods and Strings: Solutions

f) Variables declared in the body of a particular method are known as instance variables and can be used in all methods of the class ANS:False Such variables are called local variables and can be used only in the method in which they are declared g) Every method’s body is delimited by left and right braces ({and })

  • Use

    Objects have individuality, and multiple names (in multiple scopes) can be bound to the same object. This is known as aliasing in other languages. This is usually not appreciated on a first glance at Python, and can be safely ignored when dealing with immutable basic types (numbers, strings, tuples). However, aliasing has a possibly surprising effe...

  • Summary

    A namespace is a mapping from names to objects. Most namespaces are currently implemented as Python dictionaries, but thats normally not noticeable in any way (except for performance), and it may change in the future. Examples of namespaces are: the set of built-in names (containing functions such as abs(), and built-in exception names); the global...

  • Origin

    Namespaces are created at different moments and have different lifetimes. The namespace containing the built-in names is created when the Python interpreter starts up, and is never deleted. The global namespace for a module is created when the module definition is read in; normally, module namespaces also last until the interpreter quits. The state...

  • Usage

    The local namespace for a function is created when the function is called, and deleted when the function returns or raises an exception that is not handled within the function. (Actually, forgetting would be a better way to describe what actually happens.) Of course, recursive invocations each have their own local namespace. The global statement ca...

  • Definition

    A scope is a textual region of a Python program where a namespace is directly accessible. Directly accessible here means that an unqualified reference to a name attempts to find the name in the namespace.

  • Operation

    Although scopes are determined statically, they are used dynamically. At any time during execution, there are at least three nested scopes whose namespaces are directly accessible:

  • Users

    Data attributes may be referenced by methods as well as by ordinary users (clients) of an object. In other words, classes are not usable to implement pure abstract data types. In fact, nothing in Python makes it possible to enforce data hiding it is all based upon convention. (On the other hand, the Python implementation, written in C, can complet...

  • Properties

    Each value is an object, and therefore has a class (also called its type). It is stored as object.__class__. Theres nothing special about instantiation of derived classes: DerivedClassName() creates a new instance of the class. Method references are resolved as follows: the corresponding class attribute is searched, descending down the chain of bas...

  • Example

    Of course, a language feature would not be worthy of the name class without supporting inheritance. The syntax for a derived class definition looks like this: The above example would work even if MappingSubclass were to introduce a __update identifier since it is replaced with _Mapping__update in the Mapping class and _MappingSubclass__update in th...

  • Scope

    The name BaseClassName must be defined in a scope containing the derived class definition. In place of a base class name, other arbitrary expressions are also allowed. This can be useful, for example, when the base class is defined in another module:

  • Criticisms

    Derived classes may override methods of their base classes. Because methods have no special privileges when calling other methods of the same object, a method of a base class that calls another method defined in the same base class may end up calling a method of a derived class that overrides it. (For C++ programmers: all methods in Python are effe...

  • Miscellaneous

    Private instance variables that cannot be accessed except from inside an object dont exist in Python. However, there is a convention that is followed by most Python code: a name prefixed with an underscore (e.g. _spam) should be treated as a non-public part of the API (whether it is a function, a method or a data member). It should be considered an...

  • Nomenclature

    Since there is a valid use-case for class-private members (namely to avoid name clashes of names with names defined by subclasses), there is limited support for such a mechanism, called name mangling. Any identifier of the form __spam (at least two leading underscores, at most one trailing underscore) is textually replaced with _classname__spam, wh...

  • Safety

    Note that the mangling rules are designed mostly to avoid accidents; it still is possible to access or modify a variable that is considered private. This can even be useful in special circumstances, such as in the debugger.

  • Construction

    Anything that can be done with generators can also be done with class-based iterators as described in the previous section. What makes generators so compact is that the __iter__() and __next__() methods are created automatically.

  • Features

    Another key feature is that the local variables and execution state are automatically saved between calls. This made the function easier to write and much more clear than an approach using instance variables like self.index and self.data.

  • Benefits

    In addition to automatic method creation and saving program state, when generators terminate, they automatically raise StopIteration. In combination, these features make it easy to create iterators with no more effort than writing a regular function.

How to declare a class variable?

Class variables are declared using the static keyword. All instances of the class share the same value of the class variable. The value of a class variable can be accessed and modified by using class methods or instance methods. Once the value is modified, all instances of the class are updated to share the same value.

What is a static variable in a class?

Each new instance of the class has its own copy of the variable. All instances of the class share the same copy of the static variable. Static methods, also known as class methods, do not have reference to any instance variable in a class.These are used to access class variables and methods.

How to declare and reference class variables in localdemo?

is the name of the class where the variable is declared. is the variable name. The following code snippet demonstrates how to declare and reference class variables. class LocalDemo { static int price=1; public static int getCost () { return LocalDemo.price; } }

What is the difference between instance specific and class specific variables?

The static variables available regardless of whether there is a specific instance or not. The instance specific vs. class specific decision is one that you must make considering what you actually want to do. That would be static methods. I have a class with several methods and there is no constructor among these methods.

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