[PDF] aldehydes and ketones pdf

  • What is aldehyde and ketone?

    An aldehyde is an organic compound in which the carbonyl group is attached to a carbon atom at the end of a carbon chain. A ketone is an organic compound in which the carbonyl group is attached to a carbon atom within the carbon chain. The general formulas for each are shown below.

  • What is the relationship between aldehydes and ketones?

    Aldehydes contain the carbonyl group bonded to at least one hydrogen atom. Ketones contain the carbonyl group bonded to two carbon atoms. Aldehydes and ketones are organic compounds which incorporate a carbonyl functional group, C=O.

  • How will you distinguish between aldehyde and ketone?

    Tests to differentiate between aldehydes and ketones
    Tollen's Test: Aldehydes give positive Tollen's test (silver mirror) while ketones do not give any reaction.
  • Aldehydes are generally more reactive than ketones in nucleophilic addition reactions due to steric and electronic reasons. Sterically, the presence of two relatively large substituents in ketones hinders the approach of nucleophile to carbonyl carbon than in aldehydes having only one such substituent.
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