[PDF] Beneath the sea ice

What is underneath sea ice?
The “underside” of sea ice in the Arctic and Antarctic is a unique habitat, where roughly 1,000 different species of algae, which are largely unaffected by cold or lack of light, flourish.
Serving as food for small crustaceans, they represent the basis of food webs in the polar seas._{28 avr. 2021}
What is sea ice called?
In calm seas, the crystals form thin sheets of ice, nilas, so smooth that they have an oily or greasy appearance.
What is beneath the Arctic ice?
In fact, it tends to be just 3 to 4 meters (9.8 to 13.1 feet) thick over large areas, with ridges that can be as deep as 20 meters (65.6 feet).
Beneath here, you'll find the waters of the Arctic Ocean, the shallowest of the world's five major oceans with an average depth of just 1,038 meters (3,406 feet).
What is beneath the Arctic ice?
Brash ice.
Accumulations of floating ice made up of fragments not more than 2 meters across, the wreckage of other forms of ice.

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