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EN

A EUROPEAN HANDBOOK - SECOND EDITION

D efi ning ,

writing and applying learning outcomes

Defining, writing and

applying learning outcomes

A European handbook - second edition

Luxembourg: Publications Oce of the European Union, 2022

Please cite this publication as:

Cedefop (2022). Dening, writing and applying

learning outcomes: a European handbook - second edition. Luxembourg: Publications Oce of the European Union. http://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2801/703079 Agreat deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa.eu).

Luxembourg:

Publications Oce of the European Union, 2022

© Cedefop, 2022.

Except otherwise noted, the reuse of this document is authorised under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). This means that reuse is allowed provided appropriate credit is given and any changes made are indicated. For any use or reproduction of photos or other material that is not owned by Cedefop, permission must be sought directly from the copyright holders. PDF

ISBN 978-92-896-3418-2

doi:10.2801/703079

TI-07-22-373-EN-N

The European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training (Cedefop) is the European Union's reference centre for vocational education and training, skills and qualications. We provide information, research, analyses and evidence on vocational education and training, skills and qualications for policy-making in the EU Member States. Cedefop was originally established in 1975 by Council Regulation (EEC) No 337/75. This decision was repealed in 2019 by Regulation (EU) 2019/128 establishing Cedefop as a Union Agency with a renewed mandate.

Europe 123, 570 01 Thessaloniki (Pylea), GREECE

Postal: Cedefop service post, 570 01 Thermi, GREECE

Tel. +30 2310490111, Fax +30 2310490020

Email: info@cedefop.europa.eu

www.cedefop.europa.eu

Jürgen Siebel, Executive Director

Nadine Nerguisian, Chair of the Management Board

Foreword

The learning outcomes principle, emphasising what a learner is expected to know, be able to do and understand at the end of a learning process, plays an increasingly important role in eorts to improve the quality and relevance of education and training in Europe. The focus on learning outcomes supports the dialogue between education and training and labour market actors, as well as across dierent education and training subsystems. Similarly, the increased transparency oered by learning outcomes acts as a reference point for several stakeholders - policy-makers, labour market actors and teachers - making it easier to analyse the match between skills demands and education and training provision. However, learning outcomes are written and applied in dierent ways which do not guarantee benet to end-users, such as learners, teachers or employers. While promoting the overall use of learning outcomes, the revised edition of this handbook seeks to identify not only the opportunities but also the challenges involved when writing and dening them. Building on th e rst edition published in 2017, the handbook provides a link to an extensive collection of international and national resources, allowing stakeholders to consult experiences gained throughout (and beyond) Europe. The revised European handbook was written for individuals and institutions actively involved in dening and writing learning outcomes in education and training in general, and in vocational training in particular. It helps to promote the learning outcomes approach in ways which directly improve the quality and relevance of learning processes across Europe. The revised European handbook will serve as a reference point for continuous cooperation and ex- change that could take forward both learning outcomes and their key role in the dialogue between education and training and the world of work.

Jürgen Siebel

Executive Director

Loukas Zahilas

Head of department for VET

and qualications

Acknowledgements

This publication was produced by Cedefop, Depart-

ment for VET and qualications, under the supervision of Loukas Zahilas. Cedefop experts Jens Bjørnåvold and Anastasia Pouliou drafted the publication, building on learning outcomes research carried out by Cedefop over more than 10 years.

Cedefop would like to acknowledge the contribu-

tion of Cedefop expert Jostein Kvisterøy and Cedefop trainees Katerina Antoniadi and Michaela Hermann to the updating of this handbook.

Contents

Foreword ........................................................................ ..............................7 Executive summary ........................................................................ ............13 1. ..................14 1.1. The handbook context ..................................................................15 1.2. The structure of the handbook .....................................................16 PART I. Learning outcomes: users and instruments ............................17 2. Main users of learning outcomes .....................................................18 2.1. The learner ........................................................................quotesdbs_dbs7.pdfusesText_5

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