[PDF] 12th century european economy

During the eleventh and twelfth centuries, Europe enjoyed an economic and agricultural boom. A slight warming of the climate and improved agricultural techniques allowed lands that had previously been marginal or even infertile to become fully productive.
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  • What was life like in 12th century Europe?

    90% of the European population remained rural peasants gathered into small communities of manors or villages. Towns grew up around castles and were often fortified by walls in response to disorder and raids. Daily life for peasants consisted of working the land. Life was harsh, with a limited diet and little comfort.

  • How was the economy in medieval Europe?

    Medieval* Europe was overwhelmingly rural, and its economy depended almost entirely on agriculture. Towns and cities did not become significant centers of production until the late Middle Ages, but after that time their economic importance increased rapidly.

  • How did the Middle Ages affect the European economy?

    During the high Middle Ages the European economy greatly expanded, leading to a revived cash economy and widespread trade and commerce. Towns and cities grew, and with them new centers of learning emerged.
  • Agriculture remained by far the most important part of the English economy during the 12th and 13th centuries. There remained a wide variety in English agriculture, influenced by local geography; in areas where grain could not be grown, other resources were exploited instead.
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