[PDF] physical and chemical properties of aldehydes and ketones

What is the difference between aldehydes and ketones?

Aldehydes have at least one hydrogen atom bonded to the carbonyl group, theother group may be either a hydrogen or an alkyl (or aryl) group. In ketones,the carbonyl group is bonded to two alkyl or aryl groups. The two groupsbonded to a ketone may be similar or different resulting in a symmetrical oran unsymmatrical ketone, respectively.

Do aldehydes and ketones undergo nucleophilic addition reactions?

Since aldehydes and ketones both possess the carbonyl functionalgroup, they undergo similar chemical reactions. Contrary to electrophilic addition reactions observed in alkenes, thealdehydes and ketones undergo nucleophilic addition reactions.

Which reaction gives acetaldehyde and ketone?

By ozonolysis of alkenes: As we know, ozonolysis of alkenesfollowed by reaction with zinc dust and water gives aldehydes,ketones or a mixture of both depending on the substitutionpattern of the alkene (Unit 9, Class XI). By hydration of alkynes: Addition of water to ethyne in thepresence of H2SO4 and HgSO4 gives acetaldehyde.

How are aldehydes oxidised to carboxylic acids?

Aldehydes are easilyoxidised to carboxylic acids by mild oxidising reagents such as Tollens’ reagent andFehling’s reagent. These oxidation reactions are used to distinguish aldehydes fromketones.