[PDF]

[PDF] DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE - International Atomic Energy

This waste can be solid, liquid or gaseous and is usually classified according to its concentration and according to its radioactivity as low, intermediate or high level waste Disposal can be carried out in the soil, in water or in the atmosphere

[PDF] Handling and Processing of Radioactive Waste from Nuclear

A wide variety of technical options is available for processing radioactive waste generated in the nuclear power industry and during various nuclear applications

[PDF] Chapter 17 - DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE - BARC

BARC HIGHLIGHTS Nuclear Fuel Cycle 104 Waste Management: Disposal of Radioactive Waste INTRODUCTION A multi barrier approach is followed in the 

[PDF] MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE Consumption and

manage spent nuclear fuel and radioactive wastes using sustainable waste management practices (d) International Targets/Recommended Standards: The  

[PDF] Radioactive Waste Management in the Republic of Korea

waste generator at the point of radioactive waste generation, without imposing undue burden on future generations 5) Transparency of the site selection process - 

[PDF] Unit 4: Radioactive Waste - Nuclear Regulatory Commission

Describe the sources, handling, and disposal of radioactive wastes generated by In the process of day-to-day living, people produce garbage and trash

[PDF] nuclear waste disposal problems

[PDF] nuclear waste sits on ocean floor

[PDF] nucleic acid hydrolysis ppt

[PDF] nucleic acid pdf

[PDF] nucleic acid ppt

[PDF] nucleic acids and protein synthesis pdf

[PDF] nucleophilic addition reaction pdf

[PDF] nucleophilic addition reaction ppt

[PDF] nucleophilic addition reagents

[PDF] nucleophilic substitution at carbonyl groups

[PDF] null hypothesis for normality test

[PDF] number 111 meaning in love

[PDF] number 111 meaning spiritual

[PDF] number 1111 meaning bible

[PDF] number 4 bus timetable

WUHDWPHQWDQGPDQDJHPHQW

, Wentai Dai &ROOHJHRI(QHUJ\DQG0HFKDQLFDO(QJLQHHULQJ ,

WKHDGYDQWDJHVRIKLJKHQHUJ\

LQLWLDOO\ RQO\ WHPSRUDULO\ GHSRVLW WKHVH QXFOHDU ZDVWHV RU GXPS WKHP GLUHFWO\ +RZHYHU DV SHRSOH V DZDUHQHVV RI QXFOHDU ZDVWH LQFUHDVHV DQG WKH KXJH SRWHQWLDO WKUHDW RI QXFOHDU ZDVWH LV NQRZQ LW LV

EXLOGLQJ PDWHULDOV DQG VRPH KDYH EHHQ SRXUHG LQWR

GDPV FDXVLQJ ODUJHVFDOH SROOXWLRQ 7KHVH DFFLGHQWV

IRUFHG WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV WR SDVV WKH XUDQLXP WDLOLQJV

FRYHUHG7KH86'HSDUWPHQWRI(QHUJ\

VWRWDOEXGJHWIRU

ZDV ELOOLRQ RI ZKLFK PLOOLRQ ZDV

XVHG IRU QXFOHDU ZDVWH PDQDJHPHQW DFFRXQWLQJ IRU

PDQDJHPHQW IDFLOLW\ DQG WKH ZDVWH PDQDJHPHQW

ZDVWH GLVSRVDO DQG WKH VWUHQJWKHQLQJ RI QXFOHDU ZDVWH WKH ZKROH SURFHVV RI UDGLRDFWLYH ZDVWH UHGXFLQJ DQG UHGXFLQJ WKH KDUP FDXVHG E\ LWV UDGLRDFWLYLW\ WR WKH

HQYLURQPHQW DQG KXPDQV 7KHUHIRUH WKH UHVHDUFK RQ

SUDFWLFDOVLJQLILFDQFH>@

&KDUDFWHULVWLFV DQG W\SHV RI QXFOHDU ZDVWH

DQG XVHG LQ QXFOHDU IXHO H[WUDFWLRQ SURGXFWLRQ

SURFHVVLQJ DQG QXFOHDU UHDFWRUV 7KH VRFDOOHG QXFOHDU

ZDVWH LQFOXGHV ORZOHYHO QXFOHDU ZDVWH PHGLXPOHYHO

OLTXLG ZDVWH JHQHUDWHG GXULQJ SRZHU JHQHUDWLRQ WKH

ZDVWH SDVVHV WKURXJK WKH PDWHULDO LRQL]DWLRQ DQG

H[FLWDWLRQ RFFXU 7KH H[SHULHQFH FDXVHV UDGLDWLRQ

GDPDJH

7KH FODVVLILFDWLRQ RI QXFOHDU ZDVWH YDULHV IURP

FRXQWU\ WR FRXQWU\ EXWDIWHU VHYHUDO GHFDGHV RI

EHHQIRUPHG>@

$F7K3D81S3XHWF

OLTXLGZDVWHDQGUDGLRDFWLYHVROLGZDVWH

SDUWLFOHVDQGWKHKDOIOLIHLVPRUHWKDQ\HDUV

LQMXU\ FDXVHG E\ ORZGRVH LUUDGLDWLRQ RI ORQJWHUP

WR WKH HIIHFWV WKDW RFFXU DIWHU PRQWKV RI H[SRVXUH PDLQO\ LQFOXGLQJ OHXNHPLD DSODVWLF DQHPLD PDOLJQDQW

WXPRUVFDWDUDFWVDQGHIIHFWVRQHDUO\IHWXVHV

© The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0

E3S Web of Conferences 118, 04037 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911804037

ICAEER 2019

$W WKH VDPH WLPH QXFOHDU ZDVWH FDQ DOVR SROOXWH WKH

HQYLURQPHQW 5DGLRQXFOLGHV LQ GHHS XQGHUJURXQG

ZKLFK LV HTXLYDOHQW WR DWWDFKLQJ D KHDW VRXUFH WR WKH ILUVWO\ FKDQJHV WKH WHPSHUDWXUH GLVWULEXWLRQ RI WKH

DQG IOXLG GHQVLW\ DQG DOVR FKDQJHV WKH FKHPLFDO

FRUH RI WKH XQGHUJURXQG PHGLXP ILHOG 0HUFXU\

PLJUDWLRQ LQ DGGLWLRQ WHPSHUDWXUH FKDQJHV PD\ DOVR ILHOG ,Q DGGLWLRQ WKH QXFOLGHV RI WKH VROLGLILHG VROLGV

DIIHFWLQJWKHKXPDQHQYLURQPHQW>@

DQGVROLGLILFDWLRQWUHDWPHQW

FRPSO\ ZLWK HDFK UDGLRQXFOLGH HPLVVLRQ OLPLW RI WKH DGVRUEHG DQG ILOWHUHG E\ DQ DLU ILOWHU GHYLFH DQG WKH

LRQH[FKDQJHDQGHOHFWURGLDO\VLV

RUGHU WR DFKLHYH WKH DERYH UHTXLUHPHQWV WKH FXUHG

WHFKQLFDO DFWLYLWLHV UHODWHG WR ZDVWH JHQHUDWLRQ

SUHWUHDWPHQW WUHDWPHQW FRQGLWLRQLQJ VWRUDJH

ZKROH SURFHVV PDQDJHPHQW IURP ZDVWH JHQHUDWLRQ WR

SULQFLSOHV DQG V\VWHPV WR HQVXUH WKDWQXFOHDU ZDVWH LV

SURGXFWLRQ DQG GLVSRVDO &RXQWULHV KDYH WKHLU RZQ

6SHFLILFDOO\VXPPDUL]HGDVIROORZV>@

PXVW LQGHHG SURWHFW WKH HQYLURQPHQW WR DQ DFFHSWDEOH OHYHO

ZKHQWUDQVIHUUHGDFURVVQDWLRQDOERUGHUV

V

DFFHSWDEOHOHYHOV

WUHDWPHQW FDQ EH KDQGOHG UHVROXWHO\ ZLWK DV OLWWOH

1XFOHDU ZDVWH PDQDJHPHQW PXVW EH VXSSRUWHG E\ D

FRUUHVSRQGLQJQDWLRQDOOHJDOIUDPHZRUN

QXFOHDUZDVWHPXVWEHUHDVRQDEO\PLQLPL]HG

QXFOHDUZDVWHPDQDJHPHQWLQ&KLQD

ODWH IURP WKH LQLWLDO GHYHORSPHQW RI QDWLRQDO GHIHQVH

QXFOHDU ZHDSRQV VXFK DV WKH ILUVW DWRPLF ERPE

LQGXVWU\ DJULFXOWXUH DQG PHGLFLQH ,Q WKH SURFHVV D ,QWKHHDUO\VLWEHJDQWRHQWHUWKHQXFOHDUSRZHU

JHQHUDWLRQ ,Q &KLQD

V ILUVW QXFOHDU SRZHU SODQW

LQGHSHQGHQWO\ GHVLJQHG DQG FRQVWUXFWHG 4LQVKDQ

SRZHUSODQWVZLOOSURGXFHDERXWFXELFPHWHUVRI

VROLG QXFOHDU ZDVWH SHU \HDU 7KH WHFKQRORJ\ DQG

EDFNZDUG HVSHFLDOO\ LQ HQJLQHHULQJ WHFKQRORJ\ DQG

DQG 7KH DSSURYHG GLVSRVDO FDSDFLW\ LV

FXELFPHWHUVDQGFXELFPHWHUV,WLVIDUEHORZWKH

WKH QRUWKZHVW GLVSRVDO VLWH LV QRW PDLQO\ GLUHFWHG WR

ZDVWH JHQHUDWHG E\ QXFOHDU SRZHU SODQWV 7KHUH DUH

XQFHUWDLQWLHV LQ WKH RSHUDWLRQ SURVSHFWV RI %HLORQJ

WKH VLWH SUHVHOHFWLRQ UHVHDUFK VWDJH %DVHG RQ

SUHOLPLQDU\ FRPSDULVRQV RI ILYH SUHVHOHFWHG DUHDV LQ (DVW &KLQD 6RXWK &KLQD 6RXWKZHVW &KLQD ,QQHU

1RUWKZHVW&KLQD%HLVKDQDUHD

2 E3S Web of Conferences 118, 04037 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911804037

ICAEER 2019

7KH PDLQ GLIILFXOWLHV RI &KLQD

V QXFOHDU ZDVWH

PDQDJHPHQW DUH DV IROORZV WKH FXUUHQW OHJDO DQG

UHJXODWRU\ V\VWHP LV LPSHUIHFW WKH GLYLVLRQ RI

PDQDJHPHQW UHVSRQVLELOLWLHV RI YDULRXV GHSDUWPHQWV LV XQUHDVRQDEOH WKH WHFKQLFDOFDSDFLW\ RI QXFOHDU ZDVWH GLVSRVDO LV EDFNZDUG WKH LQYHVWPHQW RI QXFOHDU ZDVWH ZDVWH 7KH VHOHFWLRQ RI WKH VLWH RI WKH UHSRVLWRU\ LV ODJJLQJ EHKLQG WKH WDOHQW UHVHUYH IRU QXFOHDU ZDVWH WUHDWPHQW WHFKQRORJ\ LV LQVXIILFLHQW DQG D FRPSOHWH

ODFNLQJ

,QJHQHUDO&KLQD

VQXFOHDUZDVWHPDQDJHPHQWVWDUWHG

NHHS SDFH ZLWK WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI QXFOHDU SRZHU

WHFKQRORJ\LVODJJLQJEHKLQG>@

QXFOHDUZDVWHPDQDJHPHQWH[SHULHQFH

DFRPSOHWHV\VWHPRIODZV

$WRPLF(QHUJ\/DZDWWKHKLJKHVWOHYHORIODZWR

WKH1XFOHDU:DVWH3ROLF\$PHQGPHQW$FW1(3$

DW WKH SROLF\ OHYHO WKH (QHUJ\ 3ROLF\ $FW LV

VXSSOHPHQWHG ,Q DGGLWLRQ WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV LV DOVR

KLJKO\ WDUJHWHG LQ DOO DVSHFWV RI QXFOHDU ZDVWH

PDQDJHPHQW 7KH 86 JRYHUQPHQW KDV UDLVHG QXFOHDU

VXVWDLQDEOH 7KH UHOHYDQW JRYHUQPHQW GHSDUWPHQWV DUH UHVSRQVLEOH IRU WKH UHOHYDQW OHJLVODWLRQ DSSURYDO DQG YDULRXV SURJUDPV WR SURPRWH LQGXVWULDO GHYHORSPHQW WLPH D VWULFW PDQDJHPHQW DQG VXSHUYLVLRQ V\VWHP KDV LV DQ LPSRUWDQW SUHUHTXLVLWH IRU SURPRWLQJ WKH KHDOWK\

DQG VPRRWK GHYHORSPHQW RI QXFOHDU HQHUJ\ 7KHVH

PHDVXUHVKDYHDFKLHYHGLQLWLDOUHVXOWV

WRRSSRVLWLRQIURP WKH ORFDO VWDWH JRYHUQPHQW DQG WKH SXEOLF 7KH RSWLRQ IRU WKH UHSRVLWRU\ PD\ KDYH EHHQ GHYHORSPHQW RI WKH QXFOHDU WHFKQRORJ\ LQGXVWU\ DQG SURYLGH VXIILFLHQW WDOHQW SURWHFWLRQ IRU WKH QXFOHDU

WHFKQRORJ\ LQGXVWU\ WKH 86 'HSDUWPHQW RI (QHUJ\

V $VVLVWDQFHDXQLYHUVLW\QXFOHDU VXSSRUW $W SUHVHQW PDQ\ XQLYHUVLWLHV LQ WKH 8QLWHG 7KH8.

DUH IURP QRWKLQJ IURP JHQHUDO WR PHWLFXORXV IURP

UHOD[HG WR VWULFW *UDGXDOO\ IRUPHG D PRUH FRPSOHWH

UHJXODWRU\V\VWHP7KH$WRPLF(QHUJ\$FWRI

ZKLFK HQDFWHG WKH EDVLF SULQFLSOHV RI QXFOHDU ZDVWH

7KH $FW ILUVW HVWDEOLVKHG WKH OHJDO IUDPHZRUN IRU

,Q RUGHU WR EHWWHU SURPRWH WKH JRYHUQPHQW

V HIILFLHQW

PDQDJHPHQW DQG FRQWURO RI UDGLRDFWLYH ZDVWH WKH

(QYLURQPHQWDO3URWHFWLRQ/DZZDVDPHQGHGLQ,Q WKH 5DGLRDFWLYH 0DWHULDO $FW ZDV UHYLVHG RI 5DGLRDFWLYH :DVWH WKH 5HJXODWLRQV RQ WKH 6DIHW\

WKH 5HJXODWLRQV RQ WKH 6DIHW\ 0DQDJHPHQW RI

DERYHPHQWLRQHG ODZV WKHUH LV DOVR D VSHFLDO DJHQF\

JRYHUQPHQW WR JXLGH WKH JRYHUQPHQW

V QXFOHDU ZDVWH

UHJXODWLRQV >@ 7KH :KLWH 3DSHU RQ 6DIHO\ 0DQDJLQJ

5DGLRDFWLYH :DVWH LQWURGXFHG LQ DGRSWHG WKH

UHFRPPHQGDWLRQV RI WKH +RXVH RI /RUGV 6FLHQFH DQG

7HFKQRORJ\ &RPPLWWHH RQ QXFOHDU ZDVWH PDQDJHPHQW

SROLFLHV WKDW VKRXOG IRFXV RQ SXEOLF DQG VWDNHKROGHU

SDUWLFLSDWLRQ 7KH 8. JRYHUQPHQW KDV LVVXHG D QHZ

VROLG ORZOHYHO ZDVWH PDQDJHPHQW SROLF\ LQ

VWUDWHJ\ IRU PDQDJLQJ ORZOHYHO ZDVWH LQ WKH QXFOHDU

LQGXVWU\ LQFOXGLQJ WKH GHVLJQDWLRQ RI D QXFOHDU

GHFRPPLVVLRQLQJ DJHQF\ WR GHYHORS D SODQ WR

OHYHOZDVWHIDFLOLWLHVDQG

PD\ UHTXLUH WKH QXFOHDU GHFRPPLVVLRQLQJ EXUHDX WR

7KH ILUVW VWHS ZDV WR FRQGXFW UHVHDUFK IRU WKH

JRYHUQPHQW DQG WKH QXFOHDU GHFRPPLVVLRQLQJ EXUHDX

QXFOHDUVHFWRU,QWKHJRYHUQPHQWDSSURYHGWKH

SROLF\ RQ QXFOHDU ZDVWH VWLSXODWHV WKDW QXFOHDU ZDVWH DUHDV WKDW LV WKRVH ZKR DJUHH %XU\ QXFOHDU ZDVWH LQ \RXURZQDUHD

DGYDQFHG WHFKQRORJ\ DQG ORQJ WLPH FRPPLWPHQW

)RUHLJQ QXFOHDU ZDVWH UHSURFHVVLQJ SODQWV XVH

FRRSHUDWLYHPHWKRGVWREXLOGODUJHIDFWRULHV

HYHORSPHQW RI WKH QXFOHDU

GRXEOHG DQG VHYHUDO QXFOHDU SRZHU SODQWV KDYH EHHQ

LQFUHDVLQJ DQG FRXQWULHV DUH SD\LQJ PRUH DQG PRUH

3 E3S Web of Conferences 118, 04037 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911804037

ICAEER 2019

DWWHQWLRQ WR QXFOHDU ZDVWH PDQDJHPHQW 1HZ UHVHDUFK

PDQDJHPHQWRIQXFOHDU ZDVWH FDQEH VWDUWHGIURP WKH

IROORZLQJDVSHFWV

DQG VXSSRUWLQJ ODZV UHJXODWLRQV DQG VWDQGDUGV :KHQ DXWKRULWLHV VKRXOG LQFUHDVH WKH IRUPXODWLRQ RI UHOHYDQW

UHYLVLRQRIVWDQGDUGL]HGODZVDQGUHJXODWLRQV

RI ODERU 6SHFLDO QXFOHDU ZDVWH GLVSRVDO FRPSDQLHV

VKRXOG EH HVWDEOLVKHG RU RXWVRXUFHG WR SULYDWH

LQGLYLGXDOV WR VHSDUDWH WKH IXQFWLRQV RI SURFHVVLQJ

PDQDJHPHQWDQGVXSHUYLVLRQ

,W LV QHFHVVDU\ WR VWUHQJWKHQ WKH UHVHDUFK DQG GHYHORSPHQW RI WHFKQRORJLHV UHODWHG WR QXFOHDU ZDVWH

5' SHUVRQQHO VKRXOG EHLQFUHDVHG WR LQFUHDVH WKH

5'SHUVRQQHO

DOVR D QDWLRQDO DFW *RYHUQPHQW GHSDUWPHQWV VKRXOG

RI QXFOHDU SRZHU FRPSDQLHV DQG SRVWSURFHVVLQJ

FRPSDQLHV 7KH IXQG PDQDJHPHQW FRPSDQ\ FROOHFWV

VHOHFWV D SURIHVVLRQDO FRPSDQ\ IRU VSHQW IXHO

PDQDJHPHQWWKURXJKFRQWUDFW

WKH GLVSRVDO RI QXFOHDU ZDVWH LV FRQFHQWUDWHG 7KLV

ZD\ 6WUHQJWKHQ WKH DSSURYDO RI SDFNDJH GHVLJQ DQG

IRUWKHWUDQVSRUWDWLRQRIUDGLRDFWLYHZDVWH

$FFHOHUDWH WKH HVWDEOLVKPHQW RI VLWH VHOHFWLRQ

FRQVWUXFWLRQ DQG RSHUDWLRQ RI ORZ DQG PHGLXPOHYHO

FKRRVH WKH YHUWLFDO ERUHKROH VWDFNLQJ PHWKRG IRU WKH %XOOHWLQ

0DWHULDOV

quotesdbs_dbs21.pdfusesText_27