Nucleophilic Addition: The Grignard reagent
organometallic reaction occurring is called an oxidative addition; the alkyl halide is added to the metal and, in the process, the metal is oxidized Of course, if the metal is oxidized, something must be reduced That “something” is the carbon atom Notice in equation 1, that the oxidation number of the carbon atom changes from +1 to –1
Chapter 19 Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition
Feb 14, 2009 · Conjugate Nucleophilic Addition to α,b-Unsaturated Aldehydes and Ketones A nucleophile can add to the C=C double bond of an α,b-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone (conjugate addition, or 1,4 addition) The initial product is a resonance-stabilized enolate ion, which is then protonated
Chapter 19 Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition
Addition of Ammonia and Ammonia Derivatives C O +H 2 N-Y C N-Y H O H + The addition of nitrogen nucleophile, such as ammonia(NH 3) and substituted ammonia (NH 2-Y) C O NH 3 NH 2 OH A m m o n i a Hydro x yl am i n e NH 2 Hydraz i n e NH 2 NH 2 P hen yl hydraz i n e NH NH 2 2,4-Di n i tro p hen yl hydraz i n e NH NO 2 O 2 N NH 2 Sem i carb az i
16: Addition and Substitution Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds
16 2 The Nucleophile HO-We illustrate the basic mechanistic features of nucleophilic addition and substitution reactions on carbonyl compounds using the nucleophile hydroxide ion that we write either as HO-or -OH (Figure 16 006) Figure 16 006 HO-in HOH (16 2A) Water is generally the solvent for reactions of the hydroxide nucleophile -OH 3
from Organic Chemistry
In nucleophilic acyl addition reactions, the nucleophile binds to the C of the C=O group giving a product where the sp2 C of the C=O group (with three attached atoms) is transformed into an sp3 C (with four attached atoms) The C=O bond becomes a C-O bond The reaction in Figure 16 001 is a general representation of nucleophilic acyl addition
Conjugate Addition Reactions
Conjugate Addition Reactions Factors that Favour the Process 5 Since the conjugate addition is performed under protic conditions and the nucleophile is relatively nonbasic (usually less basic than the product enolate), the product enolate is rapidly protonated For such reactions the initial addition may be endothermic, but
Chimie organique - AlloSchool
L’ addition nucléophile sur le groupe carbonyle des aldéhydes et cétones n’est pas stéréosélective 3 1 2 Les bilans généraux Avec le méthanal, le produit final obtenu après hydrolyse est un alcool primaire Avec un aldéhyde, le produit final obtenu après hydrolyse est un alcool secondaire
ADDITION REACTIONS
Addition of hydrogen to an unsymmetrical olefin occurs at those carbon atoms with maximum number of hydrogen atoms (i e , the carbon with least substitution) Electronegative group goes to more substituted carbon atom Such an addition leads to a stabler carbocation Such a reaction may lead to constitutional isomers but
201 Electrophilic Addition reactions - La Salle University
The π electrons act as a nucleophile, attacking the bromine, displacing a bromide ion but forming a cationic cyclic bromonium ion as an intermediate Step 2: Attack of the nucleophilic bromide from the side away from the bromonium center in an SN2 like fashion opens the cyclic bromonium ion to give overall trans addition
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