Analyzing your QRT
CT mean was calculated and standard deviations were calculated for each mean CT value Table 11: Fold change expression of c-myc after treatment, calculated by ΔΔCT method Sample c-myc Average CT GAPDH Average CT ΔCT c-myc- GAPDH ΔΔCT ΔCT treated -ΔCT untreated Fold difference in c-myc relative to untreated = 2-∆∆CT untreated 30 49±0 15
ddCt method for qRT{PCR data analysis
quantitative real{time PCR (qRT{PCR, or RT{PCR for short) experiments The 2 C T algorithm, also known as the the delta-delta-Ct or ddCt algorithm, is a convenient method to analyze the relative changes in gene expression [2] It requires the assignment of one or more housekeeping genes, which are assumed to be uniformly and constantly expressed in
Relative quantification
1 The so-called ‘delta C t’ (eqs 1–2 using ∆C P) or ‘delta-delta C t’ method (eqs 3–4 using ∆∆C P) without efficiency correction Here an optimal doubling of the target DNA during each performed real-time PCR cycle is assumed (Livak, 1997, 2001; Livak and Schmittgen, 2001) Such expression differences on basis of ∆C
Analysis of Relative Gene Expression Data Using Real-
T,q 2 DC T,cb) X For amplicons designed to be less than 150 bp and for T 5 X 0 3 (1 1 E X)CT,X 5 K X [2] which the primer and Mg2+ concentrations have been properly optimized, the efficiency is close to one There-where X T is the threshold number of target molecules, fore,theamountoftarget,normalizedtoanendogenous C
Guide to Performing Relative Quantitation of Gene Expression
2 The Relative Standard Curve Method a Example of the Standard Curve Method: Using an Independent Sample for a Standard Curve b Standard Deviation Calculations Using the Standard Curve Method pg 52 3 The Comparative Ct Method (ΔΔC T Method) a A Validation Experiment is Necessary to Determine if your ΔΔC T Calculation is Valid b
Real-Time PCR Applications Guide - Bio-Rad
4 2 2 Relative Quantification Normalized Against Unit Mass 38 4 2 3 Relative Quantification Normalized to a Reference Gene 40 4 2 3 1 The 2 –∆∆CT (Livak) Method 41
Methods for qPCR Analysis - Gene-Quantification
Well Dye Replicate Ct E1 FAM b 22 26 F1 FAM b 22 29 E1 HEX b 26 05 F1 HEX b 26 03 A3 FAM c 40 A4 FAM c 40 A3 HEX c 24 84 A4 HEX c 24 17 A7 FAM s 19 52 A8 FAM s 19 1 A7 HEX s 23 92 A8 HEX s 22 33 H11 FAM zp 40 H12 FAM zp 40 H11 HEX zp 24 88 H12 HEX zp 26 04 wt Calibrator Sample MC305 Sample AS103 Sample TH600 ∆Ct ∆∆Ct 2-∆∆Ct Genotype
Differential Protection Schemes for Auto- Transformers
2 1 Auto-transformer with not Loaded Tertiary Delta Winding Quite often the auto-transformer tertiary winding is not loaded and it is used as a delta-connected equalizer winding, as defined in [1] Typical CT locations for the differential protection of such auto-transformer are shown inFigure 3 In this scenario the auto-
Current Transformer Grounding - Powell Ind
for the Current Transformer (CT) circuits This Powell Technical Brief investigates the preferred ground location of typical CT circuits such as transformer and bus differential relays IEEE standard C57 13 3 serves as the ANSI guide to standardize instrument transformer grounding practices
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