Proof. Defered to later in the lecture. Two Pumping Lemmas side-by-side. Context-Free Languages. If L is a CFL then ?p (pumping length)
Statement of the CFL Pumping. Lemma. For every context-free language L. There is an integer n such that. For every string z in L of length > n.
Any context free language may be generated by a context free grammar in Chomsky Normal Form. • To show how this is possible we must be able to.
Any context free language may be generated by a context free grammar in Chomsky Normal Form. • To show how this is possible we must be able to.
Pumping Lemma: Context Free Languages. If A is a context free language then there is a pumping length p st if s ? A with
Use the Pumping Lemma to show that the following languages are not context-free. (a) {anbmcndm
sequence of strings that had to be in the language. • The pumping lemma of context-free languages tell us that. – If there was a string long enough to cause
Pumping Lemma for Context-Free Languages. CSCI 3130 Formal Languages and Automata Theory. Siu On CHAN. Chinese University of Hong Kong. Fall 2017
EXAMPLES OF NON-CONTEXT-FREE LANGUAGES. PROOF BY PUMPING LEMMA. 1. L := {akbakbakb ? {a b}. ?
The Pumping Lemma. Theorem (The Pumping Lemma for Context-Free Grammars). If L is a context-free language then there exists an integer p such that if.
Recall the pumping lemma for regular languages It told us that if there was a string long enough to cause a cycle in the DFA for the language then we could “pump” the cycle and discover an infinite sequence of strings that had to be in the language
Pumping Lemma for Context-free Languages COT 4420Theory of Computation Section 8 1 Statement of the CFL Pumping Lemma Let L be an infinite context-free language There exists an integer m such thatFor every string w ?L with w>mw can be decomposed as w= uvxyzsuch that: vxy 1 For all i >0 uvixyiz?L
• The pumping lemma gives us a technique to show that certain languages are not context free – Just like we used the pumping lemma to show certain languages are not regular – But the pumping lemma for CFL’s is a bit more complicated than the pumping lemma for regular languages • Informally – The pumping lemma for CFL’s states that
“Pumping Lemma”: uvixyiz ; v-y pair comes from a repeated var on a long tree path Unlike the class of regular languages the class of CFLs is not closed under intersection complementation; is closed under intersection with regular languages (and various other operations; see exercises in text) 13
To prove A is not context free using the Pumping Lemma 1 Suppose A is context free 2 Call its pumping length p 3 Find string s ? A with s ? p 4 The pumping lemma says that for some split s = uvxyz all the following conditions hold • ?i ? 0 uvixyiz ? A • vy > 0 • vxy ? p 5 Goal: Find a string that violates the lemma
Pumping Lemma Applications Closure Properties Pumping Lemma for Context-Free Languages Deepak D’Souza Department of Computer Science and Automation Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 12 October 2021
9 0 Pumping Lemma Page 1 09 - Non-Regular Languages and the Pumping Lemma Languages that can be described formally with an NFA DFA or a regular expression are called regular languages Languages that cannot be defined formally using a DFA (or equivalent) are called non-regular languages