Decidability vs. Undecidability. ?. There are two types of TMs (based on halting):. (Recursive). TMs that always halt no matter accepting or non-.
L is the union of two undecidable languages but L is decidable. Yes. No. L is accepted by an NFA with states
(xx) F The intersection of two undecidable languages is always undecidable. (xxi) T Every NP language is decidable. 1. Page 2. (xxii)
Dec 8 2009 Decidable and Undecidable Languages 37-2 ... is that no TM for HALTTM can always reject (<M>
always halts (i.e. a decider). viii. Turing-decidable language. Answer: A language A that is decided by a Turing machine; i.e.
Decidable languages are closed under ? °
Union. Both decidable and Turing recognizable languages are closed under union. - For decidable languages the proof is easy. Suppose L1 and L2 are two
Despite appearances this language is decidable! There are only two cases to consider: 4 Suppose there is an integer N such that the binary expansion of ?
(1) Simulate on input . (2) If the simulation ends in an accept state accept. If it ends in a non-accepting state
always {0 1
is undecidable –It can only be undecidable due to a loop of M on w –If we could determine if it will loop forever then could reject Hence A TM is often called the halting problem •As it is impossible to determine if a TM will always halt on every possible input –Note that this is Turing recognizable! We can simulate M on input w
To prove a language is decidable we can show how to construct a TM that decides it For a correct proof need a convincing argument that the TM always eventually accepts or rejects any input Lecture 17: Proving Undecidability 4 Proofs of Un decidability How can you prove a language is un decidable ? Lecture 17: Proving Undecidability 5
It’s easy to see that P is also a property if P is a property and that P is nontrivial if P is nontrivial Then we argue about the property P as before reaching the conclusion that P is undecidable Since P is decidable i its complement is decidable we get that P is undecidable as well
Any language outside Decis undecidable All semi-decidable+ languages are undecidable but we’ll see there are undecidable languages that aren’t semi-decidable+! RE = Recursively Enumerable(Turing-Recognizable/Acceptable) Languages semi-decidable+ Dec = Recursive (Turing-Decidable) Languages anbncnww decidable CFL = Context-Free Languages anbnwwR
is undecidable – It can only be undecidable due to a loop of M on w – If we could determine if it will loop forever then could reject Hence A TM is often called the halting problem • As it is impossible to determine if a TM will always halt on every possible input – Note that this is Turing recognizable! We can simulate M
An undecidable language may be partially decidable but not decidable. Suppose, if a language is not even partially decidable, then there is no Turing machine that exists for the respective language. Find whether the problem given below is decidable or undecidable.
The set R is the set of all decidable languages. L ? R if L is decidable. A decision problem P is undecidable if the language L of all yes instances to P is not decidable. An undecidable language may be partially decidable but not decidable.
All decidable languages are recursive languages and vice-versa. Recursively enumerable language (RE) – A language ‘L’ is said to be a recursively enumerable language if there exists a Turing machine which will accept (and therefore halt) for all the input strings which are in ‘L’ but may or may not halt for all input strings which are not in ‘L’.
TM to show that other languages are semi-decidable+, including ACCEPT TM. Decidable and Undecidable Languages 30-11 Behavior of Turing Machines