https://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4798&context=clr
21 mai 2018 mass incarceration prison
https://www.nyulawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/NYULawReview-94-6-Pope.pdf
https://scholarship.libraries.rutgers.edu/view/delivery/01RUT_INST/12664218670004646/13664218660004646
27 août 2018 Mass incarceration has crushing consequences: racial social
on crime and mass incarceration eras has not fallen equally Laws that capitalized on a loophole in the 13th Amendment.
Rationale for the Lesson: A common misconception surrounding the abolishment of slavery following the passing of the 13th Amendment to the Constitution is
clause of the thirteenth amendment legally embedded and devastating political tool in the form of mass incarceration and criminalization. 13th is a ...
The 13th Amendment abolished slavery after the Civil War—but not for all. justice system fanned the flames of mass incarceration
Or it could be introduced as an amendment to a pending bill. 2
The Thirteenth Amendment prohibits slavery and involuntary servitude “except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted ”3 From John T Morgan to Common Americans of many political stripes have read the exception broadly to strip Thirteenth Amendment protection from any person convicted of a crime
But since different means were used to implement Jim Crow and mass incarceration, they would’ve happened anyway. The Thirteenth Amendment did nothing to promote mass incarceration in freedom, but neither did it do anything to limit abuses of the criminal justice system that stopped short of actual slavery.
On December 6, 1865, the 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was ratified, the text of which stated that: “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.”
KEVIN GANNON: The 13th Amendment to the Constitution makes it unconstitutional for someone to be held as a slave. In other words, it grants freedom to all Americans. There are exceptions, including criminals. UNIDENTIFIED MAN: There's a clause, a loophole.
Even though the 13th amendment protects against “cruel and unusual punishment” in America, prisons are overcrowded, have harsh conditions, exploit the labor of the incarcerated people, and lack the proper capacity to respond to national emergencies like pandemics.