Chapter 17: Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition to the Carbonyl Group 17 1: Nomenclature (please read) suffix: –al for aldehydes –one for ketone
Oxidation of secondary alcohols yields ketones Aldehydes are very easily oxidized to carboxylic acids RCH2OH Aldehyde R
Aldehydes and Ketones 18 The general reaction pathways of Nucleophilic Addition Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones leads to an alcohol product or
Carbonyl compounds (Aldehydes and ketones): Nucleophilic addition Electromeric effect Qualitative tests for Aldehydes and ketones
Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition Reactions McMurry 'Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry' 7th Ed Chapter 9
The parent chain is numbered to give the ketone carbonyl the lowest possible ?Addition of a nucleophile to a carbonyl carbon occurs because of
For charged nucleophile H- R- NC- and others the nucleophilic addition takes place directly on the carbonyl as shown below We already have seen this
nucleophilic addition to carbonyl compounds; however other nucleophiles can undergo the same reaction • There are other acid- and base-catalyzed examples