2 mar. 2020 Africa Energy Outlook2019. Paris. International Monetary Fund (IMF). 2019. Fiscal Monitor: How to Mitigate Climate Change. Washington DC
1 mai 2015 The views expressed in IMF Working Papers are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the IMF its Executive ...
30 mar. 2020 International Monetary Fund (IMF). 2019. Fiscal Monitor: How to Mitigate Climate Change. Washington DC
10 sept. 2022 2013 International Monetary Fund. Cataloging-in-Publication Data. Joint Bank-Fund Library. Energy subsidy reform in Sub-Saharan Africa: ...
Series: Occasional paper (International Monetary Fund). III. Series: World economic and financial surveys. HC10.80. ISBN : 978-1-47554-456-5
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Trends and Determinants of Green. Investment” IMF Working Paper 11/296 (Washington: International. Monetary Fund). Fonds monétaire international (FMI)
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INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND 3 WORKING PAPERS Surging Energy Prices in Europe in the Aftermath of the War: How to Support the Vulnerable and Speed up the Transition Away from Fossil Fuels 1 Prepared by Anil Ari Nicolas Arregui Simon Black Oya Celasun Dora Iakova Aiko Mineshima Victor Mylonas Ian Parry Iulia Teodoru and
The International Monetary Fund (IMF), conceived at the Bretton Woods conference in July 1944, is the multilateral organization focused on the international monetary system. Created in 1946 with 46 members, it has grown to include 189 countries.
The IMF’s financial structure can best be characterized as that of a credit union (see box). IMF member countries deposit hard currency and some of their own currency, from which they can draw the currencies of other countries if they face significant problems in managing their balance of payments.
At the Bretton Woods conference, Articles of Agreement for the IMF and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), later known as the World Bank, were drafted and adopted.
The IMF currently provides low-interest loans under the Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust (PRGT) (zero interest rate until 2018). Debt relief is provided under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative and the Catastrophe Containment and Relief (CCR) Trust Fund.