A vaccine is a classical biomedical intervention, in this case targeted against a specific virus..
How do vaccines work in the body biology?
Vaccines contain weakened or inactive parts of a particular organism (antigen) that triggers an immune response within the body. Newer vaccines contain the blueprint for producing antigens rather than the antigen itself..
How is biotechnology used to create vaccines?
For protein-based vaccines, the coding gene of the protein can be inserted into the plasmid and transformed into the host cell (e.g. E. coli or mammalian cells) which can then can express that gene into protein. The protein produced is then harvested, purified and formulated into vaccine..
What is the difference between medicine and biomed?
Medicine is about diagnosing diseases and treating patients, while biomedical science is about research for treatment. Both these fields are related to improving human life and saving humans from deadly diseases. However, the paths these fields take are different..
Some of the ubiquitously used biomaterial classes include polymers, lipids, protein or peptide-based materials with self-assembling properties, and inorganic materials. This section highlights examples of the major categories of biomaterials that are being investigated for vaccines against infectious disease.
Vaccines are made from dead (inactivated) or modified (attenuated live) whole microbes, or from inactivated or recombinant parts of microbes that are responsible for disease (such as toxins or surface proteins). Although it can take a long time to produce vaccines, they are not difficult to produce.
The Pfizer and Moderna vaccines operate on basically the same basic principle, using a synthetic RNA that codes for a version of the virus spike
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Autogenous vaccines, also called autologous vaccines, autovaccines, “self” or custom vaccines, are vaccines that are prepared by isolation and destruction of microorganisms in infected individuals and used to provide immunity to the same individual.
Biomed vaccine
Vaccine that prevents infection from all strains of the flu
A universal flu vaccine is a flu vaccine that is effective against all influenza strains regardless of the virus sub type, antigenic drift or antigenic shift. Hence it should not require modification from year to year. As of 2021 no universal flu vaccine had been approved for general use, several were in development, and one was in clinical trial.
Vaccine database
The Vaccine Investigation and OnLine Information Network (VIOLIN) is the largest web-based vaccine database and analysis system. VIOLIN currently contains over 3,000 vaccines or vaccine candidates for over 190 pathogens. The vaccine information in the database is collected by manual curation from over 1,600 peer-reviewed papers. Different from most existing vaccine databases, VIOLIN focuses on vaccine research data. Different types of information is curated, including vaccine name, license status, antigens used, vaccine adjuvants, vaccine vectors, vaccination procedure, host immune response, challenge procedure, vaccine efficacy, adverse events, etc. All vaccine information in the VIOLIN vaccine database is supported by quoted references. The data generated by a curator is published only after a careful review and approval by a vaccine domain expert.
