Do competition and procurement law overlap?
Conclusion Competition and procurement law intersect and overlap but they remain distinct areas of law, with different legal and policy objectives as well as quite different consequences, remedies and sanctions.
EU Institutions and Exclusion
The important distinction between “to blacklist” and to include a blacklisted clause The term blacklisting means different things in the context of procurement and competition law.
In competition law, backlisted clauses are those that are considered to breach competition law if included in certain types of agreements, for example resale price maint.
Olaf - The European Anti-Fraud Office
Who is afraid of OLAF.
Rather a lot of important people, as it turns out.
The Santer Commission is best remembered in Brussels (somewhat unfairly perhaps) for its en masse resignation in March 1999 following corruption allegations.
An independent committee found that the legal framework for combating fraud against the financial interests of the Eur.
Recent Updated Guidance from Commission Via Notice
In March 2021, the Commission adopted guidance on tools to fight collusion in public procurement and on how to apply the related exclusion rules.
While this Notice clarifies some issues, it is limited by the fact that the Directive itself allows Member States to classify discretionary exclusion rules as mandatory.
This means different rules in diff.
Reliance on The Competition Rules to Deter Collusion
Breaches of competition law cover a wide spectrum of activities and can encompass everything from competitors agreeing to keep off each other’s turf, to price fixing in virtual chat rooms or the more traditional smoke-filled rooms.
With fines of up to 10% of worldwide turnover, follow-on private damages actions, reputational damage and defence cost.
Reliance on The Procurement Rules to Deter Collusion
There are two sets of disqualification rules aimed at excluding bidders from participating in public tenders.
In procurement law, these are referred to as mandatory and discretionary exclusions.
The first set aimed at excluding any infringing party and these include criminal activities such as engaging in a criminal organisation, fraud, financing t.
Official rule book of duplicate bridge promulgated by the World Bridge Federation
The Laws of Duplicate Bridge is the official rule book of duplicate bridge promulgated by the World Bridge Federation (WBF).
The first Laws of Duplicate Contract Bridge were published in 1928.
They were revised in 1933, 1935, 1943, 1949, 1963, 1975, 1987, 1997, 2007 and 2017.
The Laws are effective worldwide for all duplicate bridge tournaments sponsored by WBF, zonal, national and subordinate organizations.
