Evolutionary biology liver

Do all vertebrates have a liver?
The liver is a vital organ in all Vertebrates as well as some Invertebrates (e.g. octopuses and other cephalopods).
It is both the largest solid organ and the largest gland within the human body, weighing ~1.8 kg in men and 1.3 kg in women..
How is the liver formed?
Liver development involves multiple phases of specification and differentiation (Fig. 36.1).
Liver parenchymal cells originate from foregut endoderm and are driven into hepatoblasts by fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), bone marrow morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and Wnt secreted from the cardiac mesoderm..
Is liver a regeneration?
The liver has the greatest regenerative capacity of any organ in the body.
Liver regeneration has been recognized for many years, dating all the way back to Prometheus in ancient Greek mythology.
When the liver is injured beyond its ability to regenerate itself, a liver transplant is the treatment of choice..
What are the state parasitic adaptations in liver fluke and Ascaris?
The organism adapt according to its host environment.
The liverfluke has flat body and simple digestive system to directly obtain food from its host.
The ascaris develop the adhesive like structure to attach with the host body.
The ascaris modify its physiology to simple and lost some body parts..
What is compensatory regeneration of the liver?
Regrowth after one or more liver lobes have been resected is by compensatory hyperplasia (and usually hypertrophy). as the missing lobes do not regrow; it is the residual liver lobes that increase in size until the original liver mass is restored..
What is liver fluke called in biology?
Fascioliasis is a parasitic infection typically caused by Fasciola hepatica, which is also known as “the common liver fluke” or “the sheep liver fluke.” A related parasite, Fasciola gigantica, also can infect people..
What is the evolutionary origin of the liver?
In reference to the origin of the liver, the midgut diverticulum of amphioxus or lancelets, which diverged from vertebrates 520 million years ago as precursors of the first vertebrates, has also been suggested as the homologous precursor of the vertebrate liver (Subbotin, 2017)._{Mar 10, 2021}.
Why does the liver have a high regeneration power?
The first is an increase in urokinase activity.
Urokinase activates matrix remodeling.
This remodeling causes the release of HGF (hepatic growth factor) and from this release, which activates the release of the growth factors c-Met and EGFR.
These two growth factors play a major role in the regeneration process..
Regrowth after one or more liver lobes have been resected is by compensatory hyperplasia (and usually hypertrophy). as the missing lobes do not regrow; it is the residual liver lobes that increase in size until the original liver mass is restored.
The liver has a unique capacity among organs to regenerate itself after damage.
A liver can regrow to a normal size even after up to 90% of it has been removed.
But the liver isn't invincible.
Many diseases and exposures can harm it beyond the point of repair.
The liver is a vital organ in all Vertebrates as well as some Invertebrates (e.g. octopuses and other cephalopods).
It is both the largest solid organ and the largest gland within the human body, weighing ~1.8 kg in men and 1.3 kg in women.
The mammalian liver is one of the most regenerative tissues in the body, capable of fully recovering mass and function after a variety of injuries.
The organism adapt according to its host environment.
The liverfluke has flat body and simple digestive system to directly obtain food from its host.
The ascaris develop the adhesive like structure to attach with the host body.
The ascaris modify its physiology to simple and lost some body parts.

Mar 10, 2021In general, it is assumed that since the liver performs diverse tasks crucial for survival, it evolved its great intrinsic ability to regenerate

Mar 10, 2021In reference to the origin of the liver, the midgut diverticulum of amphioxus or lancelets, which diverged from vertebrates 520 million years

Mar 10, 2021The evolution of the complete set of molecules signaling for liver regeneration has not been sufficiently studied. However, work performed in

Mar 10, 2021This review focuses first on describing the main stages and concepts related to liver regeneration observed in mammals after partial hepatectomy

Vertebrate organ involved in metabolism

The liver is a major metabolic organ only found in vertebrate animals, which performs many essential biological functions such as detoxification of the organism, and the synthesis of proteins and biochemicals necessary for digestion and growth.
In humans, it is located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, below the diaphragm and mostly shielded by the lower right rib cage.
Its other metabolic roles include carbohydrate metabolism, the production of hormones, conversion and storage of nutrients such as glucose and glycogen, and the decomposition of red blood cells.

Group of liver parasites

Liver fluke is a collective name of a polyphyletic group of parasitic trematodes under the phylum Platyhelminthes.
They are principally parasites of the liver of various mammals, including humans.
Capable of moving along the blood circulation, they can occur also in bile ducts, gallbladder, and liver parenchyma.
In these organs, they produce pathological lesions leading to parasitic diseases.
They have complex life cycles requiring two or three different hosts, with free-living larval stages in water.

Evolutionary biology liver

Do all vertebrates have a liver?

How is the liver formed?

Is liver a regeneration?

What are the state parasitic adaptations in liver fluke and Ascaris?

What is compensatory regeneration of the liver?

What is liver fluke called in biology?

What is the evolutionary origin of the liver?

Why does the liver have a high regeneration power?

Liver fluke is a collective name of a polyphyletic group of