Constitutional law against discrimination

Constitutional colorblindness is an aspect of United States Supreme Court case evaluation that began with Justice Harlan's dissent in Plessy v.
Ferguson in 1896.
Prior to this, the Supreme Court considered skin color as a determining factor in many landmark cases.
Constitutional colorblindness holds that skin color or race is virtually never a legitimate ground for legal or political distinctions, and thus, any law that is color-conscious is presumptively unconstitutional regardless of whether its intent is to subordinate a group, or remedy racial discrimination.
The concept, therefore, has been brought to bear both against vestiges of Jim Crow oppression, as well as remedial efforts aimed at overcoming such discrimination, such as affirmative action.

The Racial Discrimination Act 1975 (Cth) is an Act of the Australian Parliament, which was enacted on 11 June 1975 and passed by the Whitlam government.
The Act makes racial discrimination in certain contexts unlawful in Australia, and also overrides state and territory legislation to the extent of any inconsistency.