During the 19th century, Heidelberg was widely celebrated not only for its high level of research but also for its liberality, commitment to democratic ideals, and openness to new ideas.
Resulting from this, the high reputation of the university attracted a large number of foreign students..
A lot of discussion about the validity of the cosmological models, and of the simulations themselves, centers around the determination of the best fitting halo profiles, and on their comparison to real galaxies, in particular to their rotation curves.
0.83 together with 18 low-redshift SN Ia data from the Calan/Tololo Supernova Survey, Perlmutter et al. (1998) showed that the cosmological constant is present at the 99 % confidence level.
They also found that the open universe without the cosmological constant does not fit the data well.
From Eq. (3.8.4) the apparent luminosity .
In 1917, Einstein publishes the first cosmological model, based on the introduction of the cosmological constant and on assuming homogeneity and isotropy.
Einstein’s model was static (later it was shown however that this static model is unstable). in 1918, de Sitter shows that a Universe dominated by the cosmological constant would be expanding.
Here at Heidelberg, we work together with the University's Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics located in our neighborhood and with the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy.
Members of the group are or have been also involved with the European projects Euclid and Planck .
