Criminal justice codes

The Russian Criminal Code is the prime source of the Law of the Russian Federation concerning criminal offences.
The 1996 Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (UGKRF) came into force on 1 January 1997.
The new Criminal Code replaced the Soviet analogue of 1960.
The main changes deal with economic crimes and property crimes.
These were the main pitfalls of the Soviet Criminal Code, as most of the other chapters were already amended to correspond to new Russian realities.

The jurisdiction of England and Wales does not have a Criminal Code though such an instrument has been often recommended and attempted.
As of April 2009, the Law Commission is again working on the Code.

IC codes (identity code) or 6+1 codes are codes used by the British police in radio communications and crime recording systems to describe the apparent ethnicity of a suspect or victim.
Originating in the late 1970s, the codes are based on a police officer's visual assessment of an individual's ethnicity, as opposed to that individual's self-definition.
In most circumstances where an individual's ethnicity is recorded after spoken contact with police (such as a stop and search or arrest), in addition to visual assessment police are also required to use the more extensive 18+1 self defined ethnicity codes, even if the category chosen is clearly at odds with the officer’s visual assessment.

The Swiss Criminal Code is a portion of the third part of the internal Swiss law that regulates the criminal code in Switzerland.
The original version was created on 21 December 1937.
It entered into force on 1 January 1942.
Previously, criminal law had been a cantonal competency.