Criminal law and jurisprudence

Apart from different types of jurisprudence, different schools of jurisprudence exist.
Formalism, or conceptualism, treats law like math or science.
Formalists believe that a judge identifies the relevant legal principles, applies them to the facts of a case, and logically deduces a rule that will govern the outcome of the dispute.

In the United States, jurisprudence commonly means the philosophy of law.
Legal philosophy has many aspects, but four of them are the most common:

Criminal procedure is a formalized official activity that authenticates the fact of commission of a crime and authorizes punitive or rehabilitative treatment of the offender .
The first civilizations generally did not distinguish between civil law and criminal law.
The first written codes of law were designed by the Sumerians.

The criminal law is the foundation of the criminal justice system.
The law defines the conduct that may lead to an arrest by the police, trial before the courts, and incarceration in prison.
When we think about criminal law, we typically focus on offenses such as: