Before criminology

What came before critical criminology?
Critical criminological approaches departed from the positivist origins of mainstream criminology that had focused primarily on the search for the causes of crime, rather than questioning the basic category of 'crime'..
What then is criminology?
Criminology is the study of crime and criminal behavior, informed by principles of sociology and other non-legal fields, including psychology, economics, statistics, and anthropology..
The earliest effort to identify the causes of criminal behavior, the biological theories of crime state that certain human biological characteristics, such as genetics, mental disorders, or physical condition, determine whether or not an individual will have a tendency to commit criminal acts.

Before Criminology. Criminologists were not the first to theorize crime, its causes, and the best policies for prevention.

What came before critical criminology?