Diagnostic tools commonly used include the serum tumor marker alfa-fetoprotein (AFP), radiographic imaging, and liver biopsy..
What are hepatocytes in cytology?
The hepatocytes are present as single cells, or monolayered small cell groups and sheets. The cells are round, polygonal, have well defined cell borders, and granular dense cytoplasm. Hepatocytes frequently contain cytoplasmic pigments (lipofuscin, hemosiderin, bile pigment, copper)..
What are the histology findings of hepatocellular carcinoma?
Histologically, HCC is typified by a mass-forming tumor with cells that resemble hepatocytes (in cases of well-differentiated HCC). A reticulin stain is often of great value in establishing the diagnosis of HCC..
What is the cytology of HCC cancer?
The cytology of classic HCC is characterized by malignant cells that look like hepatocytes, i.e., large, polygonal cells, granular cytoplasm, central nuclei with irregular nuclear membranes, high N/C ratio, dense and granular chromatin, and sometimes prominent nucleoli [7]..
What is the most specific marker for hepatocellular carcinoma?
Serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) is the most widely used tumor marker in detecting patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, and has been proven to have capability of prefiguring the prognosis..
Different features of HCC in ultrasound examination. Small, typically hypoechoic lesion (a), larger lesions with mixed echogenicity (b and c). Fibrolamellar carcinoma is usually a large, solitary focus within unchanged liver parenchyma, often showing central fibrous scar and calcifications.
Histologically, HCC is typified by a mass-forming tumor with cells that resemble hepatocytes (in cases of well-differentiated HCC). A reticulin stain is often of great value in establishing the diagnosis of HCC.
Serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) is the most widely used tumor marker in detecting patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, and has been proven to have capability of prefiguring the prognosis.
May 18, 2022Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common primary malignancy of the liver; fine needle aspiration is a useful tool in the diagnosis ofÂ
Cellular patterns observed in aspirated material useful for the diagnosis of HCC include either trabecular or acinar arrangement of cells, high cellularity of smears, polygonal cells with central nuclei, abundant granular cytoplasm, coarse granular chromatin, increased nucleocytoplasmic ratio, malignant cells separated
The cytology of classic HCC is characterized by malignant cells that look like hepatocytes, i.e., large, polygonal cells, granular cytoplasm, central nuclei with irregular nuclear membranes, high N/C ratio, dense and granular chromatin, and sometimes prominent nucleoli [7].
What are the etiological factors for hepatocellular carcinoma?
Hepatitis B, hepatitis C, alcoholic liver disease, and non-alcoholic liver steatohepatitis/non-alcoholic fatty liver disease are the etiological factors for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Chronic hepatitis B virus and chronic hepatitis C virus is associated with more than 70% of cases of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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What is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)?
This topic last updated:
Dec 20
2022
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary tumor of the liver that usually develops in the setting of chronic liver disease, particularly in patients with cirrhosis due to alcohol use, chronic hepatitis B or C virus infections, or nonalcohol-associated steatohepatitis (NASH) [ 1,2 ].
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What is the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma?
The prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma depends on both tumor burden and liver dysfunction. Tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) does not account for the degree of performance status and liver dysfunction. The most widely staging system is the Barcelona clinic liver cancer (BCLC).
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Where are hepatocellular carcinoma metastases most common?
The most common sites of metastases are lungs, abdominal lymph nodes and bones (1). Since hepatocytes are the most abundant cells within the liver, hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common primary liver disease in adults (85% of the malignancies of the liver).
Cytology hepatocellular carcinoma
Malignancy that develops from epithelial cells
Carcinoma is a malignancy that develops from epithelial cells. Specifically, a carcinoma is a cancer that begins in a tissue that lines the inner or outer surfaces of the body, and that arises from cells originating in the endodermal, mesodermal or ectodermal germ layer during embryogenesis.
Fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC) is a rare form of carcinoma
Medical condition
Fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC) is a rare form of carcinoma that typically affects young adults and is characterized, under the microscope, by laminated fibrous layers interspersed between the tumor cells. It has been estimated that 200 new cases are diagnosed worldwide each year. However, in light of recent advances in our molecular understanding, this has recently been revised to suggest it may be at least ten times more common. FLC, also known as fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma, is different from the more common hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in that it afflicts young people with normal liver function and no known risk factors.
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Medical condition
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer in adults and is currently the most common cause of death in people with cirrhosis. HCC is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.
Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is an incidental
Medical condition
Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is an incidental microscopic finding with characteristic cellular morphology and multifocal tissue patterns. The condition is a laboratory diagnosis and refers to unusual cells in the lobules of the breast. The lobules and acini of the terminal duct-lobular unit (TDLU), the basic functional unit of the breast, may become distorted and undergo expansion due to the abnormal proliferation of cells comprising the structure. These changes represent a spectrum of atypical epithelial lesions that are broadly referred to as lobular neoplasia (LN).
Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma (MTSCC) is
Medical condition
Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma (MTSCC) is a rare subtype of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), that is included in the 2004 WHO classification of RCC. MTSCC is a rare neoplasm and is considered as a low-grade entity. It may be a variant of papillary RCC. This tumor occurs throughout life and is more frequent in females.
Sarcomatoid carcinoma
Medical condition
Sarcomatoid carcinoma, sometimes referred to as pleomorphic carcinoma, is a relatively uncommon form of cancer whose malignant cells have histological, cytological, or molecular properties of both epithelial tumors (carcinoma) and mesenchymal tumors (sarcoma). It is believed that sarcomatoid carcinomas develop from more common forms of epithelial tumors.
Squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lung is a histologic type
Medical condition
Squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lung is a histologic type of non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). It is the second most prevalent type of lung cancer after lung adenocarcinoma and it originates in the bronchi. Its tumor cells are characterized by a squamous appearance, similar to the one observed in epidermal cells. Squamous-cell carcinoma of the lung is strongly associated with tobacco smoking, more than any other forms of NSCLC.
Verrucous carcinoma (VC) is an uncommon variant of squamous cell
Medical condition
Verrucous carcinoma (VC) is an uncommon variant of squamous cell carcinoma. This form of cancer is often seen in those who chew tobacco or use snuff orally, so much so that it is sometimes referred to as Snuff dipper's cancer.
