Most mammalian species have round red blood cells, which vary substantially in size. An exception are camelids which have elliptical red blood cells. Species Quick guideShape changesNucleated RBCInclusions
Red blood cell morphology is species-dependent. There are also changes that occur in red blood cells that can give us clues as to underlying diseases.Quick guideShape changesNucleated RBCInclusions
Red blood cell morphology is species-dependent. There are also changes that occur in red blood cells that can give us clues as to underlying diseases.
Causes and symptoms
There are several potential causes of RBC in the urine, including:
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How to measure RBC in urine
In most cases, a doctor will discover RBC in the urine during a urinalysis.
A urinalysis checks for several key health indicators following the delivery of a urine sample.
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Overview
Red blood cells (RBC) can be present in urine even when they are not visible to a person.
Also known as hematuria, RBC in urine can indicate an infection, kidney disease, and other health conditions.
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Pregnancy
Pregnant women should not see blood in their urine.
If they do, they should let their healthcare team know right away.
If they provide a urine sample with blood in it, a doctor will try to diagnose and treat any underlying conditions.
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What are red blood cell inclusions used for?
These inclusions are used to identify oxidant injury to red blood cells (Heinz bodies), immature red blood cells (basophilic stippling, Howell-Jolly bodies), lead toxicosis (basophilic stippling, siderocytes), and other conditions.
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What do the results mean?
A very small amount of RBC may be present in a normal urine sample.
In fact, according to the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York, the normal range for RBC in the urine is up to four RBC per high power field.
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Which cells indicate oxidant injury to red blood cells?
Eccentrocytes, pyknocytes and keratocytes:
- These indicate oxidant injury to red blood cells
Heinz bodies may also been seen in oxidant injury.
Note that keratocytes can be observed in fragmentation and oxidant injury so they are not specific for either of these two types of red blood cell injury.