A hemangioma (he-man-jee-O-muh), also known as an infantile hemangioma or hemangioma of infancy, is a bright red birthmark.
It looks like a rubbery bump or flat red patch and is made up of extra blood vessels in the skin.
The mark shows up at birth or in the first month of life..
On CT imaging, hemangiomas have a classic corduroy(accordion) pattern from coarsening of the trabeculae.
Although rare, bone destruction and extension into the adjacent soft tissues including the spinal canal can be evaluated on CT imaging.
MR imaging can definitively assess for soft-tissue extension..
Hemangioma stem cells can differentiate into HemECs, pericytes, and adipocytes.
In the proliferating phase of IH, HemSCs mainly differentiate into HemECs and pericytes to promote angiogenesis.
In the regressive phase, they mainly differentiate into adipocytes..
Four histologic types of hemangioma have been identified: capillary/cavernous, lobular capillary, cellular, and epithelioid..
Hemangiomas are benign vascular tumors of bone that most often occur in the vertebral bodies and craniofacial bones.
Patients typically present with an asymptomatic lesion found incidentally on radiographs..
Vast majority of hemangiomas are asymptomatic and require no intervention; larger lesions (> 5 cm) are more likely to be symptomatic and susceptible to complications such as:
Features:.
1) Channels lined by benign endothelium containing RBCs.
DDx:.
1) Lymphangioma.
2) Angiokeratoma..
3) Lobular capillary hemangioma(pyogenic granuloma).
In acquired elastotic haemangioma, sections show prominent solar elastosis with a proliferation of dilated, fine endothelial-lined structures in the upper dermis forming a horizontal band (figure 1, 2).
The deep margin of the proliferation is usually well defined.
Within interlobular stroma, except in perilobular hemangioma which involves intralobular stroma Perilobular hemangioma:
Epithelioid hemangioma is a benign vascular lesion of the skin or deeper structures (bone).
It has many similarities to angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia and some authors believe they are the same entity.
