Audit pdf alcohol

Sometimes referred to by the chemical name ethanol

Is a depressant drug that is the active ingredient in fermented drinks such as :

1. Beer
2. Wine

And distilled spirits.It is one of the oldest and most commonly consumed recreational drugs

Causing the characteristic effects of alcohol intoxication (drunkenness).Among other effects

Alcohol produces happiness and euphoria

1. Decreased anxiety
2. Increased sociability
3. Sedation
4. Impairment of cognitive
5. Memory
6. Motor
7. And sensory function

And generalized depression of central nervous system (CNS) function.

Alcohol abuse encompasses a spectrum of unhealthy drinking behaviors

Ranging from binge drinking and alcohol dependence to addiction resulting in physical withdrawal symptoms when abruptly stopping the intake of alcohol for more than 24 hours.

The Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau

Statutorily named the Tax and Trade Bureau and frequently shortened to TTB

Is a bureau of the United States Department of the Treasury

Which regulates and collects taxes on trade and imports of alcohol

And firearms within the United States.

Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH) (EC external text>1.1.1.1) are a group of dehydrogenase enzymes that occur in many organisms and facilitate the interconversion between alcohols and aldehydes or ketones with the reduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) to NADH.In humans and many other animals

They serve to break down alcohols that are otherwise toxic

And they also participate in the generation of useful aldehyde

Or alcohol groups during the biosynthesis of various metabolites.In yeast

1. Plants
2. And many bacteria

Some alcohol dehydrogenases catalyze the opposite reaction as part of fermentation to ensure a constant supply of NAD⁺.

Alcohol dependence is a previous psychiatric diagnosis in which an individual is physically or psychologically dependent upon alcohol.

The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) is a ten-item questionnaire approved by the World Health Organization to screen patients for hazardous (risky) and harmful alcohol consumption.It was developed from a WHO multi-country collaborative study

The items being selected for the AUDIT being the best performing of approximately 150 items including :

In the original survey.It is widely used as a summary measure of alcohol use and related problems.It has application in primary health care

And hospital units and performs well in these settings.Using different cut-off points

It can also screen for Alcohol Use Disorder (DSM-5) and Alcohol Dependence.Guidelines for the use of the AUDIT have been published by WHO and are available in several languages.It has become a widely used instrument and has been translated into approximately fifty languages.

1. The Bureau of Alcohol
2. Tobacco

Firearms and Explosives (BATFE)

Commonly referred to as the ATF

Is a domestic law enforcement agency within the United States Department of Justice.Its responsibilities include

The investigation and prevention of federal offenses involving the unlawful use

And possession of firearms and explosives; acts of arson and bombings; and illegal trafficking and tax evasion of alcohol and tobacco products.The ATF also regulates via licensing the sale

And transportation of firearms

And explosives in interstate commerce.Many of the ATF's activities are carried out in conjunction with task forces made up of state and local law enforcement officers

Project Safe Neighborhoods.The ATF operates a unique fire research laboratory in Beltsville

Where full-scale mock-ups of criminal arson can be reconstructed.The ATF had 5

285 employees and an annual budget of almost $1.5 billion in 2021.The ATF has received criticism over its handling of the Ruby Ridge siege

The Waco siege and other incidents.

The Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol

Commonly abbreviated as CIWA or CIWA-Ar

Is a 10-item scale used in the assessment and management of alcohol withdrawal.Each item on the scale is scored independently

And the summation of the scores yields an aggregate value that correlates to the severity of alcohol withdrawal

With ranges of scores designed to prompt specific management decisions such as :

The administration of benzodiazepines.The maximum score is 67; Mild alcohol withdrawal is defined with a score less than or equal to 10

Moderate with scores 11 to 15

And severe with any score equal to or greater than 16.

The Paddington alcohol test (PAT) was first published in the Journal of Accident & Emergency Medicine in 1996.It was designed to identify alcohol-related problems amongst those attending accident and emergency departments.It concords well with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) questionnaire but is administered in a fifth of the time.