The altitude in civil engineering is measured with respect to mean sea level. Any point of known level and used for working out levels of other points is known as benchmark. Related questions (More answers below)Jun 5, 2017.
What is a benchmark in civil terms?
Bench marks, or marked points on the Earth's surface, connected by precise leveling constitute the vertical controls of surveying. The elevations of bench marks are given in terms of their heights above a selected level surface called a datum..
What is the purpose of a benchmark in construction?
A construction benchmark is the term used in reference to a benchmark established for construction sites and serves as an established or known elevation on a job site. The elevation height of improvements on the site must be referenced off a set elevation, referred to as a benchmark..
What is the purpose of benchmark in surveying?
A benchmark is a point of reference by which something can be measured. In surveying, a "benchmark" is a post or other permanent mark established at a known elevation that is used as the basis for measuring the elevation of other topographical points..
A temporary benchmark (TBM) is a point with a known elevation used for level control during drainage construction works of houses and surveys. For example, nails on road level or marks on drainage channels are use as temporary benchmarks.
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Benchmarks are typically placed ("monumented") by a government agency or private survey firm, and many governments maintain a register of these marks so that PurposeOther types of survey marksNotable benchmarksImage gallery
Benchmarks in surveying In surveying, a benchmark -- or bench mark or survey benchmark -- is a post or other permanent mark established at a known elevation
In surveying, a benchmark -- or bench mark or survey benchmark -- is a post or other permanent mark established at a known elevation that is used as the basis
Benchmark civil
Civil-police relations describes the relationship between civilians as a whole and the police force employed by the government. The police are law enforcements officers tasked with maintaining peace in the society. Among other public servants, police have the most contact with civilians, thus closely affecting the lives of civilians. Civilians and police rely on each other to maintain a harmonious society. While it is in the best interest of both parties to cooperate with each other, the relationship between them is not always harmonious. Different civilians of different countries have different relationships with their police forces. The relationships are diverse and complex. There is no uniform linearity in the relationships. One theory suggest that the police agencies reflect the beliefs and values of the society, thus the civilians are the one who ultimately set the benchmark for civil-police relations. Different police forces use different style of policing, thus there is a variation in the civil-police relations too. Public relations style of policing tend to be more favoured by civilians than intensive military style of policing.
2002–2007 civil war in Cote d'Ivoire
The First Ivorian Civil War was a civil conflict in the Ivory Coast that began with a military rebellion on 19 September 2002 and ended with a peace agreement on 4 March 2007. The conflict pitted the government of Ivorian President Laurent Gbagbo against a domestic insurgency led by the New Forces of Ivory Coast. Following the war, a second civil war (2010-2011) would begin over the results of the 2010 Ivorian presidential election.
The Singapore Civil Service is the bureaucracy of civil
The Singapore Civil Service is the bureaucracy of civil servants that supports the Government of Singapore. Along with the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF), statutory boards, and other independent government bodies, the civil service makes up the overall public service of Singapore. As of 2022, the civil service has about 87,000 employees.
Civil-police relations describes the relationship between civilians
Civil-police relations describes the relationship between civilians as a whole and the police force employed by the government. The police are law enforcements officers tasked with maintaining peace in the society. Among other public servants, police have the most contact with civilians, thus closely affecting the lives of civilians. Civilians and police rely on each other to maintain a harmonious society. While it is in the best interest of both parties to cooperate with each other, the relationship between them is not always harmonious. Different civilians of different countries have different relationships with their police forces. The relationships are diverse and complex. There is no uniform linearity in the relationships. One theory suggest that the police agencies reflect the beliefs and values of the society, thus the civilians are the one who ultimately set the benchmark for civil-police relations. Different police forces use different style of policing, thus there is a variation in the civil-police relations too. Public relations style of policing tend to be more favoured by civilians than intensive military style of policing.
2002–2007 civil war in Cote d'Ivoire
The First Ivorian Civil War was a civil conflict in the Ivory Coast that began with a military rebellion on 19 September 2002 and ended with a peace agreement on 4 March 2007. The conflict pitted the government of Ivorian President Laurent Gbagbo against a domestic insurgency led by the New Forces of Ivory Coast. Following the war, a second civil war (2010-2011) would begin over the results of the 2010 Ivorian presidential election.
The Singapore Civil Service is the bureaucracy of civil servants that
The Singapore Civil Service is the bureaucracy of civil servants that supports the Government of Singapore. Along with the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF), statutory boards, and other independent government bodies, the civil service makes up the overall public service of Singapore. As of 2022, the civil service has about 87,000 employees.
