Biomagnification is the process where xenobiotic substances are transferred from food to an organism resulting in higher concentrations compared with the source. It is Widely believed that this is a general phenomenon for marine food webs..
What is a xenobiotic in biochemistry?
The term xenobiotics refers to a class of natural or synthetic chemical compounds observed in an organism that are introduced to the organisms from external sources and are therefore considered foreign to that organism (Atashgahi et al., 2018)..
What is xenobiotics in biochemistry?
INTRODUCTION. Xenobiotic is a term used to describe chemical substances that are foreign to animal life and thus includes such examples as plant constituents, drugs, pesticides, cosmetics, flavorings, fragrances, food additives, industrial chemicals and environmental pollutants..
Examples of these xenobiotics can be found in ambient and occupational exposures, including water pollutants such as dibutyl phthalates (DBPs), persistent organochlorine pollutants, polychlorinated biphenyl, pesticides (DBCP, malathion, atrazine), and phthalates.
The majority of biotransformation takes place within the liver in cells called hepatocytes. However, several of the enzymes for phase I, phase II, and phase III reactions can also occur in extrahepatic tissues, such as adipose, intestine, kidney, lung, and skin.
Xenobiotic means 'foreign to life'. It is a term applied to many recalcitrant organic chemicals. These are synthetic chemicals and are not found in nature.
Xenobiotics are defined as “chemicals found but not produced in organisms or the environment. Some naturally occurring chemicals (endobiotics) become xenobiotics when present in the environment at excessive concentrations” [21].
Further research uncovered many aspects of the biochemistry of xenobiotic metabolism, expanding to phase II conjugation and phase III xenobiotic transport. This
Thus, the metabolomic investigation of melatonin metabolism produced new data that may help understand better the physiology, biochemistry, endocrinology, AbstractINTRODUCTIONCONCLUSIONS AND
How do microorganisms affect xenobiotic toxicity?
Themicroorganisms that inhabit the human gut alter the chemical structures of ingested compounds, including:
dietarycomponents
industrial chemicals
and drugs.These changes affect xenobiotic toxicity, biological activity, and bioavailability.The gutmicrobialenzymesresponsibleformanyofthesetransformationsarepoorlyunderstood.Me,methyl.
What are xenobiotics?
The term xenobiotics, however, is very often used in the context of pollutants such as:
dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls and their effect on the biota
because xenobiotics are understood as substances foreign to an entire biological system
i.e. artificial substances, which did not exist in nature before their synthesis by humans.
What is chromatographic analysis of xenobiotics?
Chromatographic analysis of xenobiotics are used for separation and determination of compounds with similar chemical structures in the air, ground, in surface water, sludge, soil matrices, food and food products, and in human and veterinary health care.
What is gut microbial xenobiotic metabolism?
As we have discussed above, most examples of gut microbial xenobiotic metabolism are associated with the whole gut community. Surveys of human gut isolates, such as:
Human Microbiome Project (HMP) reference strains (118)
or culturing from human fecal samples can identify individual organisms with particular metabolic capabilities.
Biochemical xenobiotics
Academic journal
Biochemical Pharmacology is a peer-reviewed medical journal published by Elsevier. It covers research on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of drugs and non-therapeutic xenobiotics. The editor-in-chief is S. J. Enna, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City.
Biochemical Pharmacology is a peer-reviewed medical journal published by Elsevier
Academic journal
Biochemical Pharmacology is a peer-reviewed medical journal published by Elsevier. It covers research on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of drugs and non-therapeutic xenobiotics. The editor-in-chief is S. J. Enna, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City.
