Polarization biological psychology

During what state is the neuron polarized?
The neuron is either at rest with a polarized membrane, or it is conducting a nerve impulse at reverse polarization.
The reverse polarity of active neurons is measured at about +30 mV..
What causes group polarization in psychology?
Group polarization is thought to have two causes: homophily and discursive argumentation.
Homophily is the tendency for people to associate with like-minded people, which positively reinforces certain beliefs.
Conversely, individuals use discursive arguments to reason with group members and promote an agenda..
What is an example of polarization in psychology?
For example, in arguing about nepotism, group polarization may occur when an individual who was conservative gets new information during discussions that they were not aware of, causing a shift in the thinking of that person.
As such, they are likely to follow the opinion that has the most supporting information..
What is polarization and depolarization in biology?
If the altered rays maintain coherence with the initial light, then the resulting light remains polarized but the polarization state is changed.
If the altered rays lose coherence, the resulting light became partially depolarized..
What is polarization and why is it important?
Polarization, however, is an important property of light that affects even those optical systems that do not explicitly measure it.
The polarization of light affects the focus of laser beams, influences the cut-off wavelengths of filters, and can be important to prevent unwanted back reflections..
What is polarization effect in psychology?
Attitude polarization, also known as belief polarization and polarization effect, is a phenomenon in which a disagreement becomes more extreme as the different parties consider evidence on the issue..
What is polarization in biological psychology?
Polarization - is used in biological psychology to describe the process of a neural membrane accumulating ions of opposing polarity. depolarization - a sudden change within a cell, during which the cell undergoes a dramatic electrical change..
What is polarization in biology?
In biology, polarization pertains to the act or process of producing a positive electrical charge and a negative electrical charge such that between a nerve cell internal electrical charge, which is negative, and the surrounding environment of a nerve cell, which is positive._{Jul 28, 2021}.
What is polarization in biopsychology?
In biology, polarization pertains to the act or process of producing a positive electrical charge and a negative electrical charge such that between a nerve cell internal electrical charge, which is negative, and the surrounding environment of a nerve cell, which is positive._{Jul 28, 2021}.
What is polarized in biology?
n.
1a difference in electric potential between two surfaces or two sides of one surface because of chemical activity.
Polarization occurs normally in living cells, such as neurons and muscle cells, which maintain a positive charge on one side of the plasma membrane and a negative charge on the other..
What is the concept of polarization in psychology?
Polarization is defined as the process in which two entities (individuals or groups of people) move toward opposite extremes of a continuum of viewpoints or opinions._{Mar 24, 2022}.
What is the concept of polarization?
Polarization, in Physics, is defined as a phenomenon caused due to the wave nature of electromagnetic radiation.
Sunlight travels through the vacuum to reach the Earth, which is an example of an electromagnetic wave..
What is the process of polarization in biology?
Cell polarization is a complex phenomenon, in which the interplay among cell cytoskeletal components, extra- and intracellular signals and organelle and membrane reorganization is crucial to achieve a correct cell shape change..
A simple example of a polarized transverse wave is vibrations traveling along a taut string (see image); for example, in a musical instrument like a guitar string.
Depending on how the string is plucked, the vibrations can be in a vertical direction, horizontal direction, or at any angle perpendicular to the string.
During neuronal polarization, a spherical cell develops into a highly-compartmentalized cell with clearly defined borders between dendrites and the axon.
The underlying signaling pathways generate a high morphological and molecular contrast between dendrites and the axon.
Group polarization is thought to have two causes: homophily and discursive argumentation.
Homophily is the tendency for people to associate with like-minded people, which positively reinforces certain beliefs.
Conversely, individuals use discursive arguments to reason with group members and promote an agenda.
If the altered rays maintain coherence with the initial light, then the resulting light remains polarized but the polarization state is changed.
If the altered rays lose coherence, the resulting light became partially depolarized.
polarization (n.)
1812, "state of having different properties on different sides," from polarize + -ation, and in part from French polarisation, noun of action from polariser.
Figuratively from 1871; of social and political groups, "accentuation of differences," from 1945.
polarization noun (DIVIDING)
the act of dividing something, especially something that contains different people or opinions, into two completely opposing groups: The polarization of society into rich and poor can clearly be seen in urban areas.
Our goal is lively discussion, not polarization.
Fewer examples.
Polarization, in Physics, is defined as a phenomenon caused due to the wave nature of electromagnetic radiation.
Sunlight travels through the vacuum to reach the Earth, which is an example of an electromagnetic wave.

In biology, polarization pertains to the act or process of producing a positive electrical charge and a negative electrical charge such that

Polarization in the largest biology dictionary online. Free learning resources for students covering all major areas of biology.

In biology, polarization pertains to the act or process of producing a positive electrical charge and a negative electrical charge such that between a nerve cell internal electrical charge, which is negative, and the surrounding environment of a nerve cell, which is positive.

Polarization is the passage of small constant direct currents through the brain. During the last 12 years some authors have investigated its therapeutic effectiveness in psychiatric patients with different and sometimes contradictory results.

An Evolutionary Framework For Polarization and Cognitive Inflexibility

Humans are social animals whose chances of survival are greatly enhanced if they belong to a strong, unified group that is ready to confront perceived threats (Van Vugt and Schaller, 2008; Lo and Zhang, 2021).
These threats could be natural (e.g., environmental disasters) or manmade (e.g., enemy tribes).
Polarization, both in the short term and ove.

Author Contributions

JW wrote a draft of the manuscript with feedback from CH, CK, and JZ.
JZ, CH, and CK edited the manuscript.
All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Data Availability Statement

The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/supplementary material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.

from Cognitive Inflexibility to Rigid Cognitive Specialization

An important note about highly polarized people is that although they are cognitively inflexible, they may not be cognitively alike in other regards (Buechner et al., 2021).
Inflexibility merely refers to the inability to alter existing beliefs based on new information, but it says nothing about what those beliefs are, much less what cognitive trai.

Funding

CH acknowledges financial support from Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) RGPIN-2021-02608.

Future Directions

We call for future research to examine how polarization drives rigid cognitive specialization, and whether this is mediated by changes in cognitive inflexibility, increased interactions with in-group members, or decreased interactions with out-group members.
Specifically, we advocate three directions for future research.
First, future studies can e.

How does polarization affect cognitive specialization?

Under polarization, some people may feel threatened by other groups with different viewpoints, and rigid cognitive specialization allows these people to block out conflicting opinions and find comfort in the similar views held by their in-group members.

How does polarization affect physical fitness?

Under polarization, members of a group can quickly rally to tackle a common threat.
In past societies, this tendency increased the physical fitness of both the group and its individual members.

Introduction

Polarization is defined as the process in which two entities (individuals or groups of people) move toward opposite extremes of a continuum of viewpoints or opinions.
Polarization has become alarmingly pervasive in today’s society, most notably in sociopolitical discourse (Jung et al., 2019).
For example, liberals and conservatives are generally mo.

What is polarization in sociology?

Why has polarization always been with US?

But to know why, we need to know what’s normal.
Polarization has always been with us.
A set of basic psychological and sociological mechanisms explain why human societies have always been characterized by local conformity and global diversity:

There tends to be agreement within small social circles

but disagreement between them.

Concept by Sandra Bem

Gender polarization is a concept in sociology by American psychologist Sandra Bem which states that societies tend to define femininity and masculinity as polar opposite genders, such that male-acceptable behaviors and attitudes are not seen as appropriate for women, and vice versa.
The theory is an extension of the sex and gender distinction in sociology in which sex refers to the biological differences between men and women, while gender refers to the cultural differences between them, such that gender describes the socially constructed roles, behaviours, activities, and attributes that a given society considers appropriate for men and women.
According to Bem, gender polarization begins when natural sex differences are exaggerated in culture; for example, women have less hair than men, and men have more muscles than women, but these physical differences are exaggerated culturally when women remove hair from their faces and legs and armpits, and when men engage in body building exercises to emphasize their muscle mass.
She explained that gender polarization goes further, when cultures construct differences from scratch to make the sexes even more different from one another than they would otherwise be, perhaps by dictating specific hair styles for men and women, which are noticeably distinct, or separate clothing styles for men and women.
When genders become polarized, according to the theory, there is no overlap, no shared behaviors or attitudes between men and women; rather, they are distinctly opposite.
She argued that these distinctions become so all-encompassing that they pervade virtually every aspect of human existence, not just hairstyles and clothing but how men and women express emotion and experience sexual desire.
She argued that male-female differences are superimposed on so many aspects of the social world that a cultural connection is thereby forged between sex and virtually every other aspect of human experience.

Socioligical concept by Sandra Bem

In sociology, gender polarization is a concept created by American psychologist Sandra Bem which states that societies tend to define femininity and masculinity as polar opposite genders, such that male-acceptable behaviors and attitudes are not seen as appropriate for women, and vice versa.
The theory is an extension of the sex and gender distinction in sociology in which sex refers to the biological differences between men and women, while gender refers to the cultural differences between them, such that gender describes the socially constructed roles, behaviours, activities, and attributes that a given society considers appropriate for men and women.
According to Bem, gender polarization begins when natural sex differences are exaggerated in culture; for example, women have less hair than men, and men have more muscles than women, but these physical differences are exaggerated culturally when women remove hair from their faces and legs and armpits, and when men engage in body building exercises to emphasize their muscle mass.
She explained that gender polarization goes further, when cultures construct differences from scratch to make the sexes even more different from one another than they would otherwise be, perhaps by dictating specific hair styles for men and women, which are noticeably distinct, or separate clothing styles for men and women.
When genders become polarized, according to the theory, there is no overlap, no shared behaviors or attitudes between men and women; rather, they are distinctly opposite.
She argued that these distinctions become so all-encompassing that they pervade virtually every aspect of human existence, not just hairstyles and clothing but how men and women express emotion and experience sexual desire.
She argued that male-female differences are superimposed on so many aspects of the social world that a cultural connection is thereby forged between sex and virtually every other aspect of human experience.

Polarization biological psychology

During what state is the neuron polarized?

What causes group polarization in psychology?

What is an example of polarization in psychology?

What is polarization and depolarization in biology?

What is polarization and why is it important?

What is polarization effect in psychology?

What is polarization in biological psychology?

What is polarization in biology?

What is polarization in biopsychology?

What is polarized in biology?

What is the concept of polarization in psychology?

What is the concept of polarization?

What is the process of polarization in biology?